230 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 5 



tigate the situation in the South Appalachians. Two years ago Dr. 

 Arthur H. Graves, of Yale, spent the summer in the South Appala- 

 chians looking over considerable areas, to see if the trouble there was 

 the chestnut bark disease. Some little work on this has, I believe, 

 been done by Mr. Barre, of South Carolina, and between 1902 and 

 1906, 1 made rather extensive observations myself in that state. The 

 results are that no one has yet found the bark disease south of Bed- 

 ford County, Virginia. 



Mr. Symons: I would like to know briefly how the Commission 

 in Pennsylvania is expending its money, — that is to say, the form 

 it is providing to establish its quarantine or methods of preventing 

 its spread? 



Mr. Metcalf: Briefly, in the absence of any representative of 

 the Commission, I can say that the mode followed is to first establish 

 an instruction camp, to instruct all the persons of their employ in 

 regard to all phases of the disease; second, they send these people out 

 to scout the state, and locate all advance spots of infection. Begin- 

 ning on the west, they will destroy the advanced points of infection 

 as found, and working back to the east, in this way they will locate 

 some point, where probably some sort of a quarantine line will be 

 established. 



President: If there are no further comments or questions in 

 regard to this paper, we will call for the next. 



THE PRESENT STATUS OF CROWN GALL 



By J. B. S. Norton 



At the present time there is, in spite of much study and investigation 

 of the subject, considerable disagreement among nurserymen, inspec- 

 tors, and even plant pathologists with regard to the danger to fruit 

 culture from Crown Gall. 



After the exhaustive work of Dr. Erwin Smith and others in the 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture, there can be no doubt of the infec- 

 tious nature of the disease or of the specific bacterium that causes it. 

 This work has shown that the disease is very widely distributed and 

 occurs upon a great variety of hosts, including many herbaceous 

 plants, as well as trees and shrubs. Doctor Smith has recently pointed 

 out also its remarkable similarity to cancer in animals. 



The wide spread distribution of the germ will explain some of the 

 cases of nursery stock acquiring the disease when grown on new ground 

 never before cultivated, though the germ may also be introduced in 

 apparently healthy parts of infected plants. With these facts in 

 view, the danger of infecting new areas can be somewhat minimized. 



