242 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY . [Vol. 5 



recently examined show that the trees were then badly injured from 

 its attacks. 



Many of the magnificent elms on the central green, planted one 

 hundred and twenty years ago, have recently died and have been 

 removed. Though seriously injured by the repeated attacks of the 

 elm leaf beetle, lack of nourishment and several other troubles, the 

 immediate cause of death appears to be the leopard moth. Similar 

 conditions exist in Wooster Square and the Broadway green, and also 

 along the streets in the older parts of the city where trees still exist. 

 Elms and silver maples seem to be preferred to other trees, though 

 nearly all kinds are subject to attack. The insect is not confined to 

 the center of the city, but is working in silver maples around the out- 

 skirts adjacent to the open country. 



In Bridgeport the conditions are nearly as bad as in New Haven, 

 but in the smaller coast cities like Stamford, South Nor walk and New 

 London, the injury, though present, is not as serious or as widespread. 

 We have not examined all of the inland cities, but the pest does not 

 appear to be present in Hartford. A little injury at Danbury is 

 reported by Mr. F. A. Bartlett. Danbury is about twenty-five miles 

 inland, or as far from the coast as the pest has yet been recorded in 

 America. At Walhngford, twelve miles from New Haven, the damage 

 is rather severe. 



Infested trees in late summer and fall drop many twigs which break 

 off during storms and high winds because tunneled by the small larvae, 

 which usually fall with the twigs. Some twigs wilt and hang upon 

 the tree, but this is more apt to take place the second summer, when 

 the borers are larger, and larger branches are attacked. After several 

 years of injury a tree exhibits dead branches above the foliage mass, 

 giving it the well-known staghorn appearance. The branches die 

 because they are quite or nearly girdled, and though the tree may 

 sprout below, the new growth is at once attacked, and the tree soon 

 dies. 



On old trees having rough bark, like the elm, it is difficult to detect 

 the burrows, and this can be done only by a close examination of the 

 under sides of the branches. The frass and the white covering of the 

 outlet are the chief guides, and the latter may be between plates of 

 bark so as to escape notice altogether. On young trees having smooth 

 bark, Hke the maples, it is a much simpler matter, and the borers may 

 be killed by the use of a hooked wire or by injecting carbon disulphide 

 into the tunnel and closing the outlet. 



In the vicinitj^ of New Haven the adults fly from about June 20th 

 to the first week in August, but they are most abundant the first half 

 of July. Males are numerous around the arc hghts in the evening, 



