June, '12] BRITTON: LEOPARD MOTH 243 



and females, though much less common, may be found resting on 

 telephone poles and on the trees. The females are poor flyers, and 

 do not as a rule go far from the point where the}' emerge. For this 

 reason trees set closely, Avith branches interlacing, are usually more 

 severely injured than those well separated from each other. 



In cities, many larva? in the fallen branches are killed b}^ being 

 carted away and burned. Bats unquestionably devour many adults, 

 mostly males, around electric lights. It is thought that birds, partic- 

 ularly woodpeckers, have prevented the leopard moth from spreading 

 into the open country. In Europe four parasites are known, one of 

 them having long been recognized in this country, but not as attacking 

 the leopard moth. In fact, no American parasites have been observed. 

 Doctor Howard has promised to import the European species in the 

 hope of bringing relief to the infested cities of the northeastern states. 



It is outside the scope of this brief paper to give a description or 

 life history of the leopard moth, but full accounts, with references to 

 literature, may be found in Bulletin 169 of the Agricultural Experiment 

 Station, New Haven, Conn., which has just been sent to the members 

 of this association, and also in a recent paper by James W. Chapman, 

 entitled "The Leopard Moth and Other Insects Injurious to Shade 

 Trees in the Vicinity of Boston," published by the Bussey Institution 

 of Harvard University. 



A THIRD BROOD OF CODLING MOTH IN KANSAS IN 191 1 



By L. ]M. Peairs, Manhaltan, Kan. 



During the summer of 1911 the Kansas experiment station carried 

 on several tests in orchards in northeast Kansas and also conducted 

 spraying demonstrations in other orchards in this section. The writer 

 was in charge of the work in these orchards and had, in the course of 

 the work, opportunity to make quite extensive observations on the 

 behaviour of the codling moth throughout the greater part of the 

 season. 



While nothing greatly out of the ordinary occurred early in the 

 season, the conduct of the insect was so different in September from 

 the recorded habits that it was evident that an abnormal condition 

 obtained. This could be explained only by the assumption that a 

 third brood had been produced. 



The season was in many ways, abnormal. A spring with not more 

 than the normal amount of rainfall was followed by severe and prac- 

 tically unbroken drouth throughout Maj^, June, July, and a part of 

 August. Some rain fell late in August and in September the rainfall 



