June, '12] PEAIRS: CODLING MOTH 245 



pupate but pass the winter as larvae. One notable exception to this 

 rule occurred in Kansas in 1910. Here records taken for the Kansas 

 Station by !Mr. Hillis at Parker show considerable moth emergence 

 up to the tenth of September. In this case these were thought to be 

 onl}^ belated individuals of the second brood but some of them may 

 have been third brood moths. 



The band records above show a normal first brood with the second 

 brood larvse appearing about August first and continuing until picking 

 time. The remarkable feature of these records is the pupation. In 

 place of stopping with the first brood larvae it continued until the 

 very last collection of larvae. 



In the orchards during picking time moths were abundant and eggs 

 on foliage and fruit were more plentiful than at any previous time. It 

 was not unusual at this time to find five or six eggs on a single apple, 

 and almost no apples were free of eggs. From September 10th to 

 picking time 50 per cent more damage was clone than in the entire 

 season previously. Young larvae began to be numerous about Septem- 

 ber 15th, and were increasingly so up to the time all the apples had 

 been picked. On October 18th, of four hundred apples showing 

 moth injury, 320 had young larvae present in the fruits, and many of 

 the apples had more than one. Over ninety per cent of these larvae 

 were less than three eights of an inch in length and certainly were not 

 more than fifteen days old. 



The first frost of the season occurred on October 19th and as most 

 of the apples were harvested at this time, it is probable that many 

 of the late larvae failed to survive. It will be interesting to watch 

 developments in the same orchards next season. 



While the foregoing notes do not prove absolutely the presence of a 

 third brood, it does show a very unusual state of affairs which can 

 best be explained by the assumption that there was a third brood and 

 that it was, perhaps, induced by the very unusual weather conditions. 

 It is unfortunate that arrangements were not made to observe certain 

 individuals and their progeny throughout the season so that we would 

 have irrefutable evidence, but since this was not done the observations 

 recorded may prove of interest to some. 



INSECTS OF THE YEAR 191 1 IN MASSACHUSETTS 



By H. T. Ferxald, Amherst, Mass. 



No unusual destruction by insects has been observed in Massa- 

 chusetts during the year which has just closed. On the other hand, 

 many different kinds have contributed toward the loss which has 



