June, '12] DOANE: INSECTS AND DISEASE 279 



Newstead, R. A Revision of the Tsetse Flies based on a Study of the Male Genital 

 Armature. Bull. Ento. Research II, pt. 1, Maj- 1911. Des. and figures, .sj-nopsis 

 of the species. 



Taute, M. E.xperimentelle Studicn uber die Beziehungen der Glossina tnorsita7is 

 zur Schlafkrankheit. Zeit. of Hyg. and Inf. Oct. 1911. (Abs. Sleep. Sick. Bu. 

 Bull. 31). Records that the human trypanosome may be transmitted by G. mor- 

 ■sitans and that these flies act as definite hosts for the parasite. 



Thompson, J. D. Note on the Transmission of Trypanosomes. Sleep. Sick. Bu. 

 Bull. Xo. 31, Nov. 1911. Gives evidence against mechanical transmis.sion and 

 points out that the human trj'panosome may be transmitted bj' more than one 

 species of fl}'. 



The Sleeping Sickness Commission composed of David A. Bruce, E. A. Hamerton, 

 H. R. Bateman, and F. P. Mackie, pubUshed the following papers in the Proc. Roy. 

 Soc. series B, vol. 83, 1911: 



Experiments to ascertain if antelope can act as a reservoir of the \drus of sleeping 

 sickness {T. gambiense) 564 pp. 311-327. Antelope easily infected and flies feeding 

 •on them pass the infection to other animals; none found infected in nature. 



Experiments to ascertain if the domestic fowl of Uganda may act as a reservoir 

 of the \ims of sleeping sickness. 564 pp. 328-334. Results negative. 



Experiments to investigate the infectivity of Glossina palpalis fed on sleeping 

 sickness patients under treatment. 565 pp. 338-344. Treating patients with ar- 

 senic and other drugs did not keep the fhes that fed on them from becoming infective. 



Experiments to ascertain if Trypanosoma gambiense during its development within 

 Glossina palpalis is infective. 565, pp. 345-348. Rev. in S. S. Bull. 26 p. 155. T. 

 gambiense retains virulence for two days (ascertained by direct inoculation) lost then 

 for 22 days. SaUvarj' glands of the fly invaded by virulent forms 36 days after it 

 had fed on infected blood, '^^thout this invasion of the sahvary glands the fly does 

 not become infective. 



Further researches on the development of Trypanosoma gambiense in Glossina 

 palpalis. 567, pp. 513-527. (Abs. in S. S. Bull. 28, also in Jour. Trop. Med. and 

 Hyg. July 1, 1911) The parasite undergoes a definite development in the fly; the 

 salivary glands, but not the proboscis, becoming involved. After a ver>' short time 

 the flies which have been fed on an infected animal become incapable of conveying 

 infection by their bites, and this non-infecti\-ity lasts for some28days when a renewed 

 infectivity takes place and remains for at least 96 days. At this time the salivary 

 glands are invaded by the type of trypanosomes found in vertebrate blood. 



Trypanosoma lewisi and Rat Fleas 



Minchin, E. A. and Thomson, J. D. On the Occurrence of an Intracellular stage 

 in the development of Trypanosoma lewisi in the Rat Flea. Brit. Med. .Jour. Aug. 

 19, 1911. Account of the development that takes place in the epithelium of the 

 stomach of the flea. 



Minchin, E. A. and Thomson, J. D. The transmission of Trypanosoma leicisi 

 by the Rat Flea. {Ceratophyllus fasciatus). Brit. Med. Jour. June 3, 1911, pp. 

 1309-1310. Authors refer to Strickland's paper in which he holds that the rats 

 are infected by eating the fleas. Authors' experiments seem to show that this is 

 only exceptional, not the usual means of infection, which is by the fleas feeding on 

 the rats and regurgitating the infective forms of the trypanosomes into the wound. 



Strickland, C. The Mechanism of Transmission of Trypanosoma leivisi from rat 

 to rat by the Rat Flea. Brit. Med. Jour. May 6, 1911, p. 1049. Infection caused 

 by rats eating infective fleas not by their bites or otherwise. 



