280 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 5 



Swellengrebel, N. H. and Strickland, C. Some remarks on Dr. Swingle's paper 

 "The Transmission of T. leioisi by Rat-flea" etc. Parasit. June 1911. Believe 

 that Swingle has created an artificial life-cycle for T. lewisi in the flea. 



Swingle, L. D. The Transmission of Trypaiiosoma leioisi by Rat Fleas (Cera- 

 tophyllus sp. and Pulex sp.) with short descriptions of three new Herptomonads. 

 Jour. Infec. Diseases VIII No. 2 Mar. 1911, pp. 125-146. Shows that this trans- 

 mission may take place. 



Rats, Squirrels, Fleas and plague 



Bashford, J. W. Stamping Out the Plague in China. Outlook 98: pp. 249-51. 

 June 3, 1911. 



Blue, R. Methods for the Control of Plague with Special Reference to Adminis- 

 trative Details. Jour. Amer. Med. Assn. LVII, No. 16, Oct. 14, 1911. Discusses 

 relation of rats, squirrels and fleas to the plague. 



Blue, R.; Heg, E. E,; Snow, W. F. Report of Committee on Methods for the 

 Control of Plague. Jour. Amer. Med. Assn. LVII, No. 16, Oct. 14, 1911. Exter- 

 mination of rodents and at least a squirrel free zone around all cities. 



Cantlie, J. Plague in Manchuria and Its Lessons. Jour. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 

 XIV: 4 Feb. 15, 1911. History of the outbreak.' Plague may develop or appear 

 in the following stages: (1) As a disease in animals. (2) Pestis minor conveyed 

 by infected insects. (3) Bubonic plague, sporadic cases, carried from animal to 

 man by insects. (4) Epidemic bubonic plague carried from man to man by insects. 

 (5) Pneumonic plague passing from man to man directly, or conveyed by insects. 

 The latter regarded as the culmination and the most to be dreaded as it may pass 

 over a region as the Black Death. 



Cantlie, J. Plague and Its Spread. Jour. Roy. Soc. of Arts. Mar. 10, 1911. 

 History of Plague; different ways in which it may manifest itself, methods of spread 

 and control, discussion by various doctors. 



Chick, Harriette, and Martin, C. F. The fleas common on rats in different parts 

 of the world and the Teadiness with which they bite man. Jour, of Hyg. Mar. 191 1, 

 XI: No. 1 p. 122. Lists and tables. No reason why C. fasciatus would not be as 

 efficient an agent in transmitting plague as X. cheopis. 



Cunningham, J. The Destruction of Fleas by Exposure to the Sun. Sci. Mem. 

 Med. and Sanit. Depts. India, n. ser. 1911, No. 40. I'leas may be killed if exposed 

 to the heat of the sun at a temperature of 116° or higher. 



Gray, Douglas, Septiciemic and Pneumonic plague outbreak in Manchuria and 

 North China. Lancet Apr. 29, 1911. (Summary in Jour. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 

 May 15, 1911.) History of the outbreak which started among those who handled 

 the tarabagan, the animal susceptible to epizootic plague. 



Harms, B. Zur Naturgeschichte der Flohe Medizinssche Ivlinik, Berlin, Aug. 

 27, 1911. Biology and natural history of fleas and a trap in use in orient; stick 

 smeared with sticky substance and inserted in bamboo stick with just enough of 

 the walls left to keep sticky substance from touching clothes. Traps placed 

 about beds or person. 



Howard, L. O. House-fleas. Circular 108 Bu. of Ento. U. S. Dep. Agric. Feb. 

 11, 1911. Cat or dog flea most common in East; life-history, remedies. 



Kawakami, K. K. Fighting the Plague in Manchuria. World Today 20 : 711-4, 

 June, 1911. Points out difference between bubonic and pneumonic plague and the 

 methods of combatting each type. 



Martin, C. J. The Spread of Plague. Jour. Trop. Med. and Hyg. XIV: 17 

 Sept. 1, 1911. Brit. Med. Jour. Nov. 11, 1911. Various types of plague and the 

 way in which each may be transmitted. Discussion by various doctors. 



