136 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol, 1 



We are therefore led to doubt whether in New England it is necessary 

 to wait until the stamens have withered in order to force the spray 

 beneath the stamens into the calyx cavity proper, as suggested by 

 Dr. Ball last year. 



Plots sprayed with paris green, one-third pound to the barrel and 

 arsenate of lead, two pounds to the barrel, the insecticide being used 

 with Bordeaux mixture, showed practically no difference in their 

 effect. The addition of Bordeaux to arsenate of lead seems to de- 

 crease its value very little if any. The arsenate of lead and paris 

 green have now been compared for two years, and where a sufficient 

 amount of either is used, so that the percentage of arsenic is the same, 

 one seems to be about as effective as the other. 



The proportion of the larvee entering the calyx has always been a 

 matter of interest, as bearing directly upon the effectiveness of spray- 

 ing into the calyx. We JBnd for the first brood that the percentage of 

 larvae entering the calyx on unsprayed trees varies from 67% to 77%, 

 in four orchards averaging 73%. For the second brood at Durham 

 the proportion was 67% and 78% on unsprayed trees, averaging 

 74.5%, or practically the same as for the first brood, but at Pittsfield 

 and Deerfield, back from the coast, and on hills, the second brood is 

 smaller, as will be shown later, and but 22% to 24.6% of the second 

 brood enter the calyx on unsprayed trees. 



We have endeavored this year to determine the exact effect of the! 

 spray upon the larvae, as to whether they are killed in the calyx, on! 

 the foliage, or on the surface of the apple, for both the first and second] 

 brood. Four trees were sprayed immediately after the blossoms fell! 

 with a hand atomizer, the spray being placed directly in the calyx] 

 without hitting the foliage. In all of these experiments the spraj 

 was arsenate of lead, two pounds to the barrel, without Bordeaux un-1 

 less otherwise indicated. These four trees were not sprayed later.l 

 They gave a benefit of 59%, based on the percentage of the total] 

 fruit, which was wormy by the first brood, against a benefit of 91% onj 

 the plots which were sprayed in the ordinary manner so that the 

 foliage was covered, indicating that about one-third of the benefit ws 

 due to the spray on the foliage. 



One tree was not sprayed when the petals fell, but about three 

 weeks later when the eggs were hatching. All of the apples on it were| 

 covered with paper bags and the tree was then thoroly sprayed, thus 

 covering the foliage, but not the apples. The bags were then removed.] 

 It was contemplated to treat several trees in this manner, but as it was 

 a week's labor to bag one tree, it was impossible. This spraying of 

 the foliage gave only 18% benefit, based upon the percentage of the! 



