April, '08] JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 139 



calyx and 25% benefit to the side for the second brood is secured, 

 showing that spray VI kills mostly by its effect on larvae feeding on 

 the foliage. That no benefit is secured in lessening the number of 

 worms of the second brood entering the side when spray V is added 

 to spray III as would be expected from the additional spray put on 

 the foliage, is doubtless due to the very effective work on the first 

 brood of sprays III and V, leaving such a small percentage to be killed 

 by the direct effect of the spray on the second brood as to be un- 

 demonstrable. 



Spray V alone gave an average of 66% benefit thru lessening the 

 worms of the second brood entering the calyx, and was the only one 

 showing any benefit by lessening the worms of the second brood enter- 

 ing the side, giving 62% benefit to the side, the benefit to the side and 

 calyx being practically equal tho twice as many worms entered the 

 calyx as the side in the checks, thus showing that 66% of the second 

 brood which entered the calyx are killed by spray on the foliage, as 

 weU as 62% of those which would enter the side. Thus about 60% 

 of the benefit possible to secure from the direct effect of the spray 

 upon the second brood is secured by the fifth spray alone applied to 

 the foliage, and this spray would therefore be of importance in an 

 orchard adjoining an unsprayed orchard near enough for the second 

 brood of moths to spread to it. This is shown by our barrier plot, 

 "B", which showed a total of 20% of the possible benefit due to direct 

 effect on the second brood, while plot 3 surrounded by sprayed trees 

 showed no such benefit. Furthermore the tree on which the apples 

 were bagged and only the foliage sprayed with the fifth spraying, 

 shows as much total benefit to the second brood as those in which the 

 apples also were sprayed at the fifth spraying, again showing that 

 most of the benefit due to the direct effect on the second brood is from 

 the effect of the spray on the foliage. 



Considering the part of the total benefit of the season which is due 

 to the spray affecting the first brood as against the second brood, we 

 find that in case of spray III, and III and V, that 88% to 100% of 

 the total benefit was due to the effect on the first brood and thru it to 

 the second brood, whereas in spray V only from 36% to 86% (average 

 64%) was due to the effect on the first brood, and from 14% to 

 64% of the total benefit was due to its effect on the second brood. 



Thus in New England the first brood may be controlled by thoro 

 spraying at the time the petals drop, spray III, but if there be danger 

 of the second brood migrating into the orchard, spray V should always 

 be added, as it will sufficiently control the second brood, tho if an in- 

 festation be serious in neighboring orchards, the sixth spraying will 



