140 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 1 



sometimes pay in addition. In New England the fifth spray should 

 always be used with Bordeaux mixture for the control of the fruit 

 spot irrespective of the codling moth, so that the addition of arsenate 

 of lead will cost but little and will render the control of the codling 

 moth much more certain. Early in August it is well to spray for the 

 brown-tail moth and other leaf-eating catei^pillars, which have been 

 quite numerous in New England orchards for the last few years, and 

 the sixth spraying will therefore control them and the second brood at 

 the same time. 



Considering the total benefits for the season, it is found that spray- 

 ing the calyx only may give a benefit of 62%, while spraying the fol- 

 iage only may benefit 52% (tho the influence of adjoining treated plots 

 increased the benefit by decreasing the second brood of these plots, so 

 that really the benefit is less), but where foliage and apples are 

 sprayed at the fifth spraying, a benefit of 74% may sometimes be 

 secured, tho here again neighboring plots have increased this apparent 

 benefit. 



Whether the spray on the foliage or the spray on the calyx kills the 

 more larvae, it is impossible to determine definitely from our results, 

 which would seem to indicate that where spray V is given there are 

 about two chances that a larva will be killed on the foliage to three 

 that it will die in the calyx. Giving our figures as conservative an 

 interpretation as possible, it would appear that of the total benefit 

 for the whole season, at least one-third and possibly one-half is due to 

 the spray on the foliage, and the balance to that deposited in the calyx. 

 Heretofore only the spraying of the calyx has been emphasized, but in 

 all cases where records have shown a separation of the apples wormy in 

 the calyx and in the side, such as those given by Dr. Ball at our last 

 meeting, a decided benefit has been shown by reducing the number of 

 larvaj entering the side, and if this be due to the spray deposited on 

 the foliage, how much of the apparent benefit from the decreased num- 

 ber of worms entering the calyx is really due to their being killed on 

 the foliage? 



Mr. Taft stated that in Michigan it is necessary to apply an extra 

 spraying to control the second brood of this insect. 



]\Ir. Fletcher asked if it is not probable that New Hampshire and 

 Michigan are in two different faunal areas, as far as the codling moth 

 is concerned. 



Mr. Taylor was positive that the results given in this paper would 

 not apply in Colorado. He recalled experiments and observations 

 which had extended over fully five hundred acres of orchards where 



