146 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 1 



growers are successfully controlling the ravages of these pests, and it 

 is only a question of time until a few negligent people in isolated locali- 

 ties will hear of the good work being accomplished and will fall into 

 line with the host of successful combatants. Time will bring about a 

 wide enough dissemination of knowledge, so that scale will be prac- 

 tically eliminated from all orchards where it occurs through the use 

 of a good spraying mixture, properly applied. 



Aspidiotus perniciosus is without doubt the most generally distrib- 

 uted scale pest occurring in the state. Others that deserve more than 

 passing mention are Eiilecanium nigrofasciatum, Chionaspis furfura, 

 Lepidosaphes ulmi and Chrysomphalus tenehricosus. 



Chrysomphalus tenehricosus. The past season was especially 

 favorable to the increase of this species, and in many parts of 

 the state the native maple trees suffered severely from its at- 

 tack. The natural parasites which usually occur in large enough 

 numbers to keep it in check seemed in many places to be exceedingly 

 scarce, which fact no doubt accounts for the severe damage done by 

 the scale. From the fact that no trees in badly infested localities 

 were found to have been killed outright, it is probable that the multi- 

 plicity of the pest the past season was unusual. j\Iany trees were lit- 

 erally coated with the scale and cannot possibly survive another sea- 

 son's attack, should it continue to breed in such large numbers, unless 

 the owners of trees come to their aid with the lime and sulphur wash or 

 some other good insecticide. Though no trees were found killed by 

 the pest, the numerous dead branches told of its ravages and foretold 

 the destruction of the trees. 



The distribution of the pest seems to be quite general throughout 

 the state. It was found on red maples (Acer rubrum) in Cumberland 

 but not in destructive numbers. The worst infested section lies east 

 of the bay, and of the counties visited, Talbott, Worcester and Somer- 

 set have the greatest degree of infestation. 



No insecticides have been tested for its control, but from the nature 

 of the scale and its attack we would feel safe in recommending the 

 lime and sulphur wash as a good remedy. 



Lepidosaphes xdmi. This pest and C. tenehricosus are the two most 

 important enemies of maple trees in Maryland. The oyster shell scale 

 has been so frequent a subject for discussion that we do not wish to 

 go into any lengthy history of its occurrence and ravages within the 

 state. We do wish, however, to mention one thing that came to our 

 notice upon investigating its injury in different parts of the state the 

 past summer, and that is the seeming immunity of Norway maples to 

 its attack. Only in one case did we find Lepidosaphes ulmi on Norway 



