184 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 1 



March 19, 68° ; 20, 67° ; 21, 67° ; 22, 82° ; 23, 79° ; 24, 74° ; 25, 67° ; 

 26, 70°; 27, 68°; 28, 67°; 29, 77°; 30, 67°; 31, 46°. 



April 2, the mercury was down to 15°, and with the exception of 

 seven nights, descended below freezing each night, until the 28th, 

 when a warmer period commenced. However, the mercury dropped 

 to the freezing point, or below it, nine nights in INIay, the last freezing 

 record being on the 28th. Ufifortunately, no direct observations were 

 made which definitely proved this weather condition to have been 

 adverse to the scale, but for some reason the scale has not been very- 

 much in evidence the past summer in many orchards that promised a 

 year earlier to develop severe infestation in the normal course of 

 events. Because of this phenomenon, I have not felt warranted in 

 drawing conclusions regarding the effectiveness of one of the pro- 

 prietary sprays which I undertook to test. The most plausible ex- 

 planation occurring to me to account for this condition, is to suppose 

 that the extended warm period in ]\Iarch started the dormant scales 

 into activity, and that the cold freezing weather of April, following 

 this warm period, proved fatal to them. 



Some districts in which the scale has been controlled for three or 

 four years with lime-sulphur spray, but were originally badly infested, 

 are now seriously attacked and threatened with destruction l}y the 

 bark borer, Scolytiis rngiilosus. I saw one orchard of young trees 

 four or five years old which had never been very scaly, that was being 

 badly attacked by these borers, which had migrated from a nearby 

 apple orchard that had been destroyed by scale. This orchard seemed 

 a good illustration of this insect's disposition to attack healthy trees 

 when its numbers have outrun the supply of available weakened trees. 

 As a trial application, I recommended to several correspondents to 

 boil a thick lime-sulphur wash, using 20 pounds of sulphur and 30 

 pounds of lime, and add to each 50 gallons of this mixture 3 pounds of 

 arsenate of lead (or 1 pound of paris green) and 6 to 10 pounds of 

 fish-oil soap. This application was applied to the trunks and larger 

 limbs with a spray pump or brush. Some of the parties who used it 

 report seeming benefit, but I have not yet had an opportunity to make 

 personal inspection of results, and shall not feel warranted in drawing 

 any conclusions until the test is extended over several seasons. One 

 orchardist painted the trunks and limbs of his trees in early spring 

 with Carholineum avenarkis and the benefit against the borers was 

 apparent. I inspected the trees in early July and, at that date, no 

 great amount of injury to the trees from the application was percep- 

 tible, the counterbalancing benefits seeming to entirely outweigh the 

 attending damage. 



