June, "08] JOURNAL OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 185 



The spring opened very late, so that the first spraying for codling 

 moth fell about the first of June in northern Ohio. This period was 

 very wet and quite cool. For test work. I made use of a ten-acre 

 orchard located about ten miles from the shore of Lake Erie, and 

 hence not damaged much by frost. One half of this orchard con- 

 sisted of Baldwins and the other half of Ben Davis. I tested the 

 coarse, driving spray, as used in the western arid states, by enlarging 

 the orifices in Vermorel nozzles, and also used the medium caps for 

 comparison. Three pounds of arsenate of lead were used in 50 gal- 

 lons of Bordeaux — the Bordeaux formula being 3 pounds of copper 

 sulphate and 6 pounds of lime. The trees averaged 20 feet, or more, 

 in height, and had a corresponding spread of top. One plot w^as 

 treated with one third pound of paris green to 50 gallons of Bordeaux. 

 About one gallon of soft home-made soap was added to each 50 gallons 

 of spray for most of the plots. One plot had 2 pounds of copper sul- 

 phate and 1 pound of iron sulphate instead of the regular Bordeaux 

 formula. About 100 pounds pressure was maintained by the pump. 

 For the purpose of better directing the spray, two small pieces of 

 three-fourths inch gaspipe. about 4 inches long, were threaded at each 

 end. and after being bent about 25 or 30 degrees from the horizontal, 

 one was attached to the end of each rod by means of a gas coupling, 

 and the nozzles were then attached to the bent pipes. The spray was 

 directed downward and inward and was used until the trees dripped. 

 On trees 20 to 25 feet high, with corresponding spread of top. from" 

 7 to 8 gallons of spray were used. The second spraying was made 

 about 10 days after the first, and in the same proportions, only the 

 copper sulphate was reduced to 2 pounds for 50 gallons of spray. Not 

 more than one half as much spray was used in this application as in 

 the first spraying. The third spraying was given to part of the 

 orchard about the middle of July. Arsenate of lead alone was used 

 for the July application, the Bordeaux being omitted. Not more than 

 three or four gallons of spray were used on the largest trees for this 

 application. As the full results of the test will soon appear as a 

 Station publication, I will not enter into further details, but state 

 results and conclusions. Over 90% of the apples on trees sprayed 

 three times were free from worms. A record was kept of the dropped 

 apples under certain trees beginning with the 30th of July. The fol- 

 lowing are some of the figures : 



One tree sprayed twice, once just after blooming and again ten 

 days later, has the following record : Sound apples dropped from the 

 middle of July until harvest, 319 ; wormy drops from middle of July 

 until harvest, 23 ; drops marked by curculio during the season, 8 ; 



