188 JOURNAL OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 1 



rather than to send them to market in this condition. A plot sprayed 

 three times with the same ingredients, by the double machine plan, 

 had 4.47% of wormy berries and 3'ielded 6.067 pounds of marketable 

 grapes per acre. Three sprayings of Bordeaux, with arsenate of 

 lead and resin soap added to the second and third applications, double 

 machine plan, gave 4.B% w^ormy berries and harvested 3,864 pounds 

 of marketable grapes per acre. The same ingredients applied at the 

 same time as in the preceding case, but with single machine instead of 

 double machine application, gave 20.34% wormy berries and har- 

 vested 3,465 pounds of marketable grapes per acre. 



The double machine applications, if made three times with soap 

 stickers, gave almost as good results as hand sprayed plots and were 

 more presentable for market. It is quite conceivable, however, that 

 if little rain were to fall in late summer, grapes treated in this way 

 might carry too much spray to be presentable in appearance or safe 

 to use in large quantities at harvest time. One plot was treated with 

 a Bordeaux made of 4i/o pounds of copper sulphate, 3 pounds of iron 

 sulphate and 6 pounds of lime, with 3 pounds of arsenate of lead added. 

 This made a spray that had good sticking qualities and yet washed off 

 quite readily by rain. Three sprayings, double machine application, 

 with this mixture, gave 10.18% wormy berries and 5,760 pounds of 

 marketable grapes per acre. This treatment seemed quite satisfactory 

 for the fruit, but threatened to eat the galvanizing from the iron 

 wires supporting the vines, thus shortening their durability by more 

 than half. Parasites are appearing freely over the infested vine- 

 yards and doubtless are contributing to the suppression of the worm. 



The greenhouse white fly has become established in many green- 

 houses and we have a good many inquiries regarding the process of 

 fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas. The fall web worm was abun- 

 dant last 3'ear, but has been much more numerous the present season. 

 Park superintendents and many orchardists have been obliged to wage 

 systematic warfare against it the past summer. The black walnut 

 caterpillar, Datana integerrinia, has been numerous for two seasons, 

 and many trees are threatened with destruction by it. having been 

 completely defoliated for two years in succession. The white-marked 

 tussock moth has been extremely abundant in city parks and was the 

 subject of many inquiries. Pimpla inquisitoi' has become numerous 

 at Dayton, according to local observers, and the suppression of the 

 tussock worms is expected in that city in a short time. The terrapin 

 scale, Eulecanium nigrofasciatum, has been our most serious scale in- 

 sect on maple trees for the past two seasons. The remedies usually 

 recommended for this scale — namely kerosene emulsion and the lime- 



