June, OS] JOURNAL OF economic entomology sit 



An examination of the pieces of shell in the vial at that time re- 

 sulted in my finding fifty-six living larvae. Some of these were quite 

 small, measuring but 2.5 mm. in length (exclusive of the terminal 

 brush), and had possibly been overlooked in some of my previous ex- 

 aminations. The largest larva measured 6 mm. in length, exclusive 

 of the brush. About fifteen cast skins were found at this time. 



On March 30th I noticed the first adult of this brood in the vial, 

 and upon making an examination of the pieces of shell I found fifty- 

 four living larvas, one of which was about to pupate. In addition, 

 there were four living larvge in the cork and about thirty-five cast 

 skins mixed with the excrement and dust at the bottom of the vial. 



In time I expect that all, or practically all, of these fifty-seven 

 larvae will reach maturity and pupate, with nothing but their present 

 food supply to subsist upon ; for it is very evident that they can main- 

 tain themselves on these rations. 



T. tarsale in the larval state, has been recorded* as feeding upon 

 a variety of substances, among which may be mentioned the follow- 

 ing: Flaxseed, castor beans, Cayenne pepper, peanut meal, wheat, 

 etc., but as far as I am aware it has never been reported as being able 

 to subsist and reach maturity upon such scant rations as dry hickory 

 nutshells. 



FILLING THE CALYX CUP 



A. L. Melandek, Pullman, Wash. 



A year ago Dr." E. D. Ball presented before the nineteenth meeting 

 of the Association of Economic Entomologists a most valuable paper 

 on spraying for the codling moth (Bull. 67 U. S. Bureau of Ento- 

 mology). His work had led him to believe that spraying for the 

 first brood could be so effectively done as to render later sprayings 

 unnecessary. 



The keynote of this treatment is that as the majority of larvae, 

 both early and late, enter the calyx cup, that part of the apple needs 

 poison more than any other part of the tree. To place poison below 

 the stamens requires a high pressure of 100 to 200 pounds, a coarse 

 driving spray, and the spray must be rained down on the flowers 

 until the tree is drenched. Arsenate of lead must be used, but it need 

 not be stronger than one pound to fifty gallons. A mist spray will 

 not penetrate into the lower cup, nor will a coarse spray shot directly 

 into the tree to fall by gravity into the upturned flowers. When the 

 lower calyx cup is full there is enough spray on the foliage and fruit 



*Chittenden, Bull. No. 8, U. S. Dept. Agric, Div. of Ent., p. 19. 



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