218 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 1 



to poison practically all first brood larvse that fail to reach the lower 

 cavity. There can then be no late larvae, and consequently apples 

 escape late blemishing stings, as well as the chance of becoming 

 wormy through late ineffective sprayings. 



Although this method of treatment has proved not only practicable 

 but better than any other method in the Pacific Northwest, in many 

 districts of Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Washington, and California, there 

 are many Eastern entomologists who firmly believe that it is in- 

 applicable to the conditions east of the Rocky Mountains. 



In the discussion of Dr. Ball's paper, as recorded in Bulletin 67 

 of the Bureau of Entomology, "]Mr. Fletcher pointed out the desir- 

 ability of not casting any doubt on the efficiency of methods now gen- 

 erally in vogue for controlling this insect. In Canada 70% of the 

 apple crop is saved by the present acknowledgedly imperfect spray- 

 ing methods. He did not Ijelieve it necessary to lay so much stress 

 on filling the calyx, and was decidedly in favor of delivering the 

 spray in as mistlike condition as possible. Excellent paying results 

 were now being secured by ordinary farmers with the mist spray 

 which has ])een used for several years." The contention is that if we 

 can save 70% there is no use in trying for 100%. 



"Mr. Quaintanee pointed out that fruit-growing conditions in the 

 Mississippi Valley and Eastern States were quite different from many 

 sections of the West, such as Utah. The absence of rains there during 

 the growing season largely obviated the necessity of fungicides. 

 While he did not doubt that it was entirely practicable to use a coarse 

 spray for the codling moth in Utah and thoroughly drench the trees, 

 this would be a bad practice according to present ideas of spraying 

 in the East, where a mist-like spray is desired to treat uniformly all 

 parts of the foliage and fruit. Under present conditions of spraying, 

 young apples are often russeted by the Bordeaux and arsenical treat- 

 ment, especially by the one just after the petals have fallen, and a 

 thorough drenching of the trees at this time would be likely to prove 

 harmful in this way." Of course, it is harmful and expensive to 

 drench the trees with Bordeaux mixture, and the conservative fruit 

 grower feels that to apply the two mixtures separately is more trouble 

 than the fruit crop is worth. 



The editor of the Fruit Grower of St. Joseph, Missouri, in com- 

 menting on our methods of spraying in the January issue of that 

 paper, thought it necessary to add that ' ' Professor Melander 's experi- 

 ments were conducted in an irrigated country and therefore rains did 

 not w^ash any of the poison from the foliage nor from the young 

 fruit." It should be unnecessary to remind him and many others 



