June, '08] JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 319 



that it rains in Washington as well as elsewhere. In fact, after the 

 second spraying one year in the Yakima Valley three inches of rain 

 fell in a few hours, yet where arsenate of lead was used there was no 

 need of re-applying the spray. Last year we gave the first spraying 

 of one orchard at Walla Walla in a hard wind and rain, yet with the 

 same perfect results as elsewhere, for our spray at 200 pounds pres- 

 sure penetrated below the stamens, while the rain did not. 



Since 1901 the Illinois Experiment Station has been comparing 

 high and low pressures and misty and coarse sprays in treating the 

 codling moth. They conclude that "the application which was most 

 effective in filling the calyx cavity was that made in the form of a 

 fine mist by means of a Vermorel nozzle under high pressure." (111. 

 Bull. 114, p. 383, 1907.) That may be true when it applies only to 

 the outer calyx cavity, where the larvae do not enter the apple. The 

 fourth year of this experiment a pressure guage was secured for the 

 pump, when it was discovered that the "high pressure was probably 

 about eighty pounds." 



Even so recent and authoritative a paper as Farmers' Bulletin 247 

 (1906), obviously written from office experience rather than acquaint- 

 ance with field conditions, ignores arsenate of lead, advises a fine mist 

 spray always, and suggests six sprayings for the codling moth. And 

 yet when a Western Experiment Station asked for an Adam's fund 

 project on the codling moth we are assured by the Office of Experiment 

 Stations that the Bureau of Entomology advises "that the codling 

 moth problem is solved." 



Dr. Ball's paper evidently aroused interest at the New York meet- 

 ing, for we now find in the second number of the new Journal of 

 Economic Entomology a summary of an extended statistical experi- 

 ment on the value of early sprayings in New Hampshire. This pro- 

 ject was undertaken by Director E. D. Sanderson, and was an attempt 

 to apply Western methods to Eastern conditions. 



"Plot 1 was given the spraying immediately after the petals fell, 

 with a fine mist. Plot 2 was sprayed at the same time with a Bor- 

 deaux nozzle and thoroughly drenched, the spray being applied at 100 

 pounds pressure. Neither of the plots were sprayed subsequently. 

 This experiment was repeated under similar conditions in another 

 orchard. There was but 2% or 3% difference in the results in both 

 cases, in one orchard favoring the drenching and in the other favoring 

 the mist, so that we are forced to the conclusion that there is very 

 little difference in their effectiveness." . . . "Consid- 



ering the total benefits for the season, it was found that spraying the 

 calyx only may give a benefit of 62%," which is surprisingly low 

 compared with Western results. The explanation, however, is clear 



