334 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 1 



of Sasaski's rtisoovery of the leaf-oviposition habit, it occuiTing not only in 

 exotic forms, but also in a number of native species. Aside from the well 

 known, and commonly supposed characteristic, host-oviposition habit of many 

 species, Mr. Townsend describes supracutaneous host-larviposition, subcut- 

 aneous host-larviposition with an accompanying acute ovipositor, and, most 

 interesting of all, leaf-larviposition. This bulletin likewise records remark- 

 able variations in the habits of the larvw in different stages. The variations 

 in the number of generations annually and differences in habit are not only 

 interesting to the scientist, but, as shown by Mr. Townsend's observations, 

 are of great importance to the biologist engaged in establishing or propagat- 

 ing these forms. The expex'iments in providing species producing more than 

 one generation with alternate hosts is another exceedingly practical matter. 

 A most intimate knowledge of parasites is a necessity if the imported ma- 

 terial is to be used to the best advantage. The entire bulletin is a credit 

 to all concerned in the investigations as well as to the bureau having charge 

 of the work. It is, we trust, but the precursor of a more extended discussion 

 of this group, and probably the foi-erunner of equally valuable contributions 

 to our knowledge of other groups of parasites and other natural enemies. 

 It illustrates in an emphatic manner the necessity of exhaustive studies of 

 the biology and various stages of economic insects, and suggests most strongly 

 that an extremely rich field awaits the student of biology' in various sup- 

 posedly well known groups. 



E. P. P. 



Third Annual Report of the State Entomologist, 1907, by E. F. 

 HiTCHiNGS, Maine State Department of Agriculture, 1908. p. 1-105, 

 plates 20. 



Tills rei)ort. as indicated upon its title page, deals largely with the gj'psy 

 and brown-tail moths, besides discussing a number of attractive or de- 

 structive species. A detailed account of the work is given, the methods be- 

 ing similar to those in vogue in Massachusetts. A number of excellent plates 

 illustrate this feature of the report. The entomologist reports upon the 

 nursery inspection work, gives interesting notes upon birds, and some de- 

 tails relating to the exhibition of insect collections at state fairs. An un- 

 usual feature for an entomological report is an essay on apple orcharding, in 

 which considerable attention is given to various fertilizers, manures, methods 

 of trimming, grafting, thinning, etc., in addition to a discussion of some of 

 the principal injurious insects and fungous diseases. 



E. P. F. 



The More Important Insects Affecting Ohio Shade Trees, by 

 J. S. HousER, Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station Bull. 194, 1908, 

 p. 169-243. 21 plates. 



This bulletin comprises most excellent summarized discussions of most of 

 the more injurious species affecting shade trees in Ohio. The introductory 

 matter discusses the necessity of and difficulties in controlling insect pests in 

 cities and emphasizes the advisability of municipal work. It also discusses 

 the relative immunity of trees from insect injuries and advises mixed plant- 

 ing. A new shade tree jiest noticed is the ( 'ataxia bud gnat, Crritloiiniia 



