162 



JOURNAL OF HOETICULTDEE AND COTTAGE GAKDENEB. 



[ Febmary 20, 1873. 



was only used occasionally. In the first case, then, besides the 

 ■vapour in the air that went up the chimney, the bulk of air in the 

 room, with its vapour, was heated, and expanded, and brought 

 into contact with the cold glass, acting as a condensing metlium, 

 and wringing out the watery vapour, as it were. In the other 

 unheated room, the comparatively quiescent and cold air, with 

 its cold vapour, could be but little acted on by the cold plane of 

 glass in the window. The greater the difference between the 

 high temperature within the room and the low temperature out- 

 side the window, the gi'eater would be the condensing jjower of 

 the latter on the vapour in the air inside, so long as there was 

 vapour left to condense. 



In a similar case, where a greenhouse was blamed — it was 

 separated from the living-room by a glass door — it was found 

 that the glass door was dry, or nearly so, in the morning, whilst 

 the glass of the window on the other side of the room would be 

 found covered with water. Why the difference ? Just because 

 the glass was exposed to different temperatures, and was the 

 best condenser when it was coldest and came in contact with 

 the hotter air. 



We wish to give this matter prominence — first, because the 

 blame-greenhouse advocates are not at all convinced ; and 

 secondly, because if they succeed in persuading people of the 

 effects of damp, etc., thus produced, hundreds may see reason 

 to deprive themselves of a great source of pleasure in having a 

 greenhouse or a conservatory easily entered from the chief 

 living or other room by opening a door. We candidly believe 

 that, attended to with car^ as stated, there will be no danger 

 whatever — quite the reverse. 



Many in speaking on such matters forget the simple principle 

 that the power of any substance to condense the vapour in the 

 air into water will greatly depend on the low temperature of 

 that body as compared with the temperature of the air. Our 

 younger readers and beginners wiU forgive us if we give them 

 three simple well-known facts, on which they may generalise 

 and form what they think a right conclusion. First, take a clear 

 crystal glass and fill it with cold water, and take it into a room 

 about as cold, and the crystal will remain clear and pellucid, 

 and you can see the water through it. Take a similar glass of 

 water into a room some 20" warmer, and the sides of the glass 

 will become dulled by a deposition of moisture. Secondly, put 

 on a pair of spectacles in the open air and you may wear them a 

 long time without wiping them. Pass at once into a hothouse 

 some 10° to 20" warmer, and how long could you see through 

 your spectacles? They would be covered with dew at once. 

 Thirdly, cut a bunch of Grapes in an airy house, carry it in the 

 open air, .and go into a moist hothouse, and every berry would 

 be covered mth a fine dew. because every berry, from being so 

 much colder than the air of the house, becomes at once a con- 

 denser of the moisture in it. — B. F. 



NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 

 A M.iN in Crittenden county has made an experiment designed 

 to ascertain how far Soil is Protected fkoii Cold by Ssow. 

 For four successive winter days, there being i inches of snow 

 OB a level, he found the average temperature immediately 

 above the snow 14 ' below zero ; immediately beneath, 10' above 

 zero ; under a drift 2 feet deep, 27° above zero. 



We have received the new edition of Mr. Rivers's 



" Orchard House," a work now so well known, and which has 

 repeatedly been so favourably noticed in these columns, that 

 it is only necessary for us to say that it has reached the fifteenth 

 edition. 



In- Watowan Co., Minnesota, Sunflowers are raised 



for fuel. The oily seeds make a hot fire, and the woody stock, 

 when dried, furnishes a good substitute for cordwood, which 

 is very scarce in that region. It is estimated that two acres 

 will produce enough to last an ordinary family through a long 

 winter. 



Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Vienna Exhi- 

 bition have allotted 22J square metres of space to Messrs. 

 James Carter & Co. for the display of their coUectiou of 

 models, &c. 



PEINCE ALBERT PINE APPLE. 

 The unknown origin of this magnificent Pine is not more 

 surprising than its scarcity in the country. Though my know- 

 ledge of its existence dates back about a score of years, yet 

 how many Pine-growing establishments can boast of containing 

 as many plants ? Certainly its demerits cannot be assigned as 

 a reason for this regretted unpopularity, as it is justly admitted 

 by all who have had an opportunity of judging, that it possesses 

 every quality necessary to constitute a first-rate Pine. My 

 own opinion places it second to none but the Smooth-leaved 

 Cayenne. The latter I regard as the best of all Pines. One 

 can rely on its starting into fruit at a given time, independently 



of all the starving fit-and-start operations too often practised 

 on Queens ; and there is a positive certainty of its blooming 

 and swelling well during the dullest seasons. It has also the 

 great recommendation of possessing an unvarying first-class 

 flavour. 



The fruit of Prince Albert in shape resembles a cone having 

 a broad base tapering to a very small apex ; it averages from 

 12 to 1.5 inches in height, and has a remarkably small crown 

 — so small indeed that the crown of an 8-lb. fruit is rarely 

 more than 2 inches high. The flavour is nearly equal to that 

 of the Smooth-leaved Cayenne in winter, and improves during 

 summer. In colour it is blended with the bright j-eUow of the 

 much inferior variety, the Enville, and the dark hue of the 

 finely flavoured Black Jamaica, the whole slightly tinted with 

 a delicate red. What a gratifying and memorable sight to the 

 Pine-admirer would be a houseful of this variety on the eve 

 of maturity. Mr. David Thomson, in his recently published 

 practical treatise of "Fruit Culture Under Glass," describes it 

 as being a " compact grower, free fruiter ; flesh soft, very juicy, 

 and well flavoured. A most desirable variety in every respect." 

 Assuredly the noble examples I saw while at Drumlanrig last 

 autumn gave manifest proof of its fully meriting the above 

 description. I may state that the variety sometimes known as 

 Prince Alfred is wrongly named, and identical with Prince 

 Albert.— J. M. C. 



ELECTION OF EOSES. 



According to the Eev. W. F. RadclyS'e La France Rose does 

 not bloom freely in Dorset. With me it is very different. 

 Last season one of my trees of this variety put out from the 

 centre of the plant a branch which bad about sixteen buds 

 fully expanded at one time. This Rose, above aU others, I 

 think, was the most admired. AU my plants, even to cuttings 

 G inches in height, bloom most freely. It is a good grower, 

 very hardy, and has fine foUage. It begins to bloom with me 

 out of doors about the first, and continues until nearly the last. 

 I must also say a few words with respect to Madame Augusta 

 Verdier, which he recommends us to read Madame Eugfinie 

 Verdier. If I am right, it only came out in 1870 or 1871 ; 

 therefore it cannot be the same Rose at aU. The description I 

 have of it is, pale pink, edges silvery, bright and clear, the 

 colour excellent ; of extra large size, very double, and beauti- 

 fully formed. It is a Rose of the finest quality, and its colour 

 is not subject to fade. Who could wish for a better quaUfi- 

 catiou ? 



There is another Rose which does not appear to be known 

 much to your numerous readers, as it has not yet been even 

 mentioned — that is. Velours Pourpre (1870). It bloomed with 

 me last year very well. The colour is a rich velvety purple ; 

 the flower is cupped, large, and full ; the foliage handsome ; 

 the plant a vigorous grower. It is said to be first-class for 

 exhibition, and I have no doubt it will prove to be so. I may 

 also say that I was astonished to find Emilie Hausburg so very 

 low in the list. I have grown it from the first, and I must 

 confess that as yet I have not had a bad bloom. Perhaps iu 

 another election we shall see it take a higher place. — T. Lister. 



I CANNOT understand how it is that Marie Baumann does so 

 badly with Mr. Eyre and Mr. Radclyfl'e, unless it be that they 

 have tried it on the Manetti only. Here (about twenty miles 

 due east of London) I find it wiU not flourish on that stock, 

 but on short Briars, 2 to 3 feet, it does well, growing and 

 flowering most satisfactorily. I have two hundred plants of it 

 of various ages, the six oldest being those I had from Mr. Cant 

 the year after it came out, all, old and young, growing vigor- 

 ously. I have one hundred plants from buds of 1871, which last ■ 

 summer made splendid wood 3 to 4 feet long, with good strong 

 side shoots. Indeed this Rose is such a favourite here that as I 

 think if I were obliged to grow only one variety, this would be 

 the one ; I should certainly place it in the first three. Besides 

 being a good grower, it is so constant that on several plants 

 last summer I could have cut at oue_,time four or five blooms 

 all fit for a box of twelve at South Kensington. 



Mr. Radclyffe is right about Mdlle. Marie Rady ; it is a first- 

 rate grower^ and a truly splendid flower, and, I tliink, not 

 sufficiently known and grown. The season of 1871 seemed to 

 suit it here exactly ; it was not quite so good last season, but 

 then what a season we had ! 



Mr. Radclvffo having condemned Marie Baumann, says La 

 France does not open well with him, but he recommends 

 Souvenir de la Malmaison and Triomphe de Rennes as two o£ 



