516 



JODENAIi OP HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ Jane 23, 1873. 



large pots for Pines, are fast becoming a thing of the past. 

 As an eminent Vine-grower sagaciously remarked to me the 

 other day, that it is a pot full of roots, and not a pot full of 

 soil, that is wanted to produce fruit ; and how portable and 

 cheap in transit compared with those KJ and 18-inch ones ! 

 The one-year-old canes are preferred before the cut-backs, 

 which are consequently two years old. Labour and space 

 awarded the latter I regard as entirely misapplied when fruit 

 equal in quantity and quality can and is had from those one 

 year old. I do not write this brief notice of the Champion 

 with the view of advocating its extensive planting. Like Mr. 

 Pearson, of Chilwell, I take the Duke of Buccleuch to be 

 superior in every respect, only the Champion can be grown to 

 that state of perfection which originally gave it just celebrity. 

 — J. M. C, GahislUels. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S MEETING. 



The June meeting of this Society was held on the 2ud iust. 

 Sir Sidney S. Saunders, Vice-President, in the chair. Various 

 donations to the library announced, and thanks voted to the 

 donors. A certificate in favourof C. W. Dale, Esq., of Glanville 

 Wootton, Sherborne, Dorsetshire, was read for the first time. 



Mr. Bond brought to the Meeting some seeds of Gleditschia 

 sinensis which had been sent to him from Japan, but which 

 were all destroyed by a species of Bruchus, of which he exhibited 

 several live specimens. Mr. Miiller exhibited a remarkable 

 Psyche case which had been sent by Mr. Kothuey from Calcutta. 

 It was composed of thorns of equal length (about IJ inch), 

 arranged with the points all in one direction, so as effectually to 

 bar the entrance against an enemy. Sir Sidney Saunders ex- 

 hibited a collection of Briar stems from Epirus, which, on being 

 split open, exposed numerous specimens of the larvfe of several 

 species of bees, all of whicli were alive. He also exhibited a 

 number of the perfect insects which he had re.ared from larvas. 

 Amongst them were Raphiglossa eumenoides, Psiliglossa ody- 

 neroides, Trypoxylon albipes, Odynerus exirpes, Prosopis 

 rubicola, and three species of burrowing bees (Osmia sp.) 



Mr. Miiller communicated some notes on tlie discovery by 

 Dr. Joly of Toulouse, of a nymph belonging to the genus Oli- 

 goneuria, the immature stages of which had been hitherto un- 

 known. Drawings of the upper and under sides of the nymph 

 accompanied the notes. 



Mr. WaUaston communicated a valuable paper on the genera 

 of the Cossouidio. It comprised (1), a catalogue of the several 

 groups, arranged systematically and tabulated; (2), full generic 

 diagnoses, taken seriatim; (3), observations (diagnostic and 

 geographical) on each separate genus ; (4), brief characters of 

 139 species not hitherto recorded ; and (5), a complete list of the 

 particular members of the family (amounting in all to 253), the 

 structural and specific char.acter of which the author had ex- 

 amined with the greatest care, being the material from which 

 the paper has been compiled. 



The Secretary read a letter he had received from Mr. Roland 

 Trimeu, of Cape Town, containing remarks on the Rev. R. P. 

 Murray's notes " On some Variations of Neuration observed in 

 certain Papilionidie," published in the Proceedings of the So- 

 ciety of November last, and referring some exceptional cases of 

 neuration to reversion to ancestral characters, pointing to a re- 

 mote community or origin between PapiUonidje and the higher 

 Heterocera. 



Part 2 of the Transactions for 1873 was on the table. 



WORK FOR THE "WEEK. 



KITCHEN O.UIDEN. 



Advantage must be taken of the first good shower of rain to 

 get out the main crops of Brussels Sprouts, Broocolis, Savoys, 

 &c. ; until then they had better remain where they are. 

 Recently-transplanted plants must be constantly kept watered, 

 and the ground about them occasionally stirred. Where the Cape 

 varieties of Broccoli have been sown in drills, thin them out to 

 one plant every 2 feet, and immediately afterwards water those 

 left. As soon as the weather will permit, plant out the main 

 spring crops. A little more Carrot seed may be sown to pro- 

 duce a late crop for drawing young. Loosen the earth between 

 the main crops where it is baked-down hard. Some of the late 

 sowing of Cauliflowers should bo transplanted as early as the 

 weather will permit ; if the planting of them can no longer 

 be postponed, they must be kept watered until they make fresh 

 roots. No culinary vegetable that wo are aware of demands 

 larger supplies of water at this season than Celery. The first 

 crops run in a short time if not kept moist, and the hatter ones 

 are very much checked ; the earth should be loosened about the 

 plants whenever it appears crusted. The Cueumhcr plants on 

 the ridges will be greatly benefited by being mulched with short 

 grass or litter of any kind ; they should bo previously watered, 

 which may be done generally early in the morning. Where the 



seed of Lettuce has been sown In drills, thin the plants to 1 foot 

 apart. This is a good time to make Mushrooin spawn for 

 winter and spring use. After the bricks are made and partially 

 di-ied they may be placed in layers in an open shed, witfi a thin 

 layer of spawn from the old beds which have done bearing 

 between each course ; the whole should afterwards be covered 

 with dung sufficient to keep it moist and warmer. Keep up a 

 succession of Small Salad by repeated sowings in the open 

 ground in a shady spot. It is nece3S.ary to sow Spinach once a 

 fortnight, let the weather be what it may, as it soon runsto 

 seed; keep it watered during dry weather. Keep Tomatocn 

 trained to the wall and well supplied with water, or but very 

 little fruit can be expected. 



FRUIT G.UIDEN. 



Continue to pay every attention to wall trees ; water those 

 that require it, or they will drop their fruit. Pears, Plums, and 

 Cherries should have their summer pruning. Lay the runners 

 of Strawberries into GO-sized pots, this being the best method 

 of procuring good strong plants for forcing. Protect fruit from 

 birds. 



FLOWER GARDEN. 



Propagation of stock for next season must soon receive con- 

 sideration, so as to have strong well-established plants before 

 winter, and without the necessity of keeping them so close or 

 warm as to induce weakly and watery growth. It cannot be too 

 often repeated that to bo able to winter bedding stock safely with 

 ordinary care, the cuttings should be put in suttioiently early in 

 the autumn to allow of having them well-established, and lit 

 to be exposed to the open air by the middle of September. 

 Begin with those which are found most tedious to propag.ate. 

 Hollyhocks are general favourites, but they do not afford cuttings 

 freely, and in general are not over -plentiful about most places. 

 These should therefore be examined often in search of any 

 cuttings which they may afford, as those rooted early will afford 

 strong plants for next season. Attend to the tying-up of these 

 and Dahlias, and go over the masses of Verbenas, and frequently 

 for the purpose of regulating the growth, so as to keep it neat 

 and orderly. Continue to X)rick-out seedling Auriculas in pans 

 or boxes, shading them from the sun. Polyanthuses, if we con- 

 tinue to have showers, may be parted to advantage now, renew- 

 ing the bed with decayed cow manure and leaf soil. Some 

 growers shorten the leaves ; it is most advisable not to do so. 

 The general collection of Tulips may now be taken up, provided 

 the foliage has assumed a yellow hue. Shake the soil clean from 

 the roots, but do not yet remove the fibres or outer skin from 

 the bulbs; place them iu their respective compartments in tho 

 boxes, or wrap them in very thin paper called " cap paper," 

 writing the name on each. The late dry weather has been 

 seriously against the Ranunculuses. Any roots, tho foliage of 

 which has begun to decay, must immediately be taken up, or 

 rainy weather will cause them to start again, to the certain 

 destruction of the root. In sunny weather dust the capsules 

 with farina of the best-formed semi-doubles you can obtain. 

 Follow the directions given for Carnations, by pinching off the 

 lateriils, disbudding, tying, keeping free from aphis if possible, 

 &c. Put in pipings as recommended for the Pink, marking each 

 lot of cuttings, so that when the layers bloom from which they 

 were taken if they should chance to be run or full of colour, 

 the pipings from each foul flower may be destroyed. Carefully 

 stake Dahlias, &c. 



GREENHOUSE AND CONSEBV.ITORY. 



Attention must soon be paid to late-growing plants in borders, 

 for while in active growth they require a good deal of water, 

 and insects are more troublesome than in the case of plants at 

 rest. Give Luculias especially plenty of water at the root, and 

 an occasional supply of clear weak manure water to old plants 

 that may be growing freely until they have made sufficient wood 

 to insure a good display of flower. As has been previously 

 stated, however, manure water must not be given to young 

 specimens in vigorous growth, as in that case it would only 

 induce too gross a growth, a condition in which they seldom 

 flower profusely. In order to secure fine heads of bloom from 

 this plant, it should be allowed a few weeks of comparative rest 

 after, say, about the middle of next month, keeping the roots 

 rather dry, and exposing the plants as freely to air as can bo 

 done without injury to the foliage or the healtli of their neigh- 

 bours. Brugmausia sanguinea is also a useful plant for winter 

 and early spring flowering, when managed so as to have it 

 pruned and rested about this time. See that large specimens 

 of Camellias are not allowed to get too dry at tho root after tliey 

 have set their buds, for shedding of the latter is often duo to 

 this cause. Young and vigorous plants, however, frequently 

 require to be watered rather sparingly to prevent their making 

 a second growth. Cinerarias for late flowering should now bo 

 growing freely, and should be shifted when necessary; for if 

 they are to form large specimens for flowering late in autumn 

 or early winter, they must not be permitted to sustain any 

 check. Get cuttings of favourite Roses rooted and pushed 

 forward, so as to have them sufficiently strong and established 

 to stand the winter. Common i'elargoniums are now being 



