5i 



JOURNAL OF HOETICULTURE AND COTTAGE &AEDENEE. 



[ Jnly 18; 186S. 



the congelation of the exnding mass. Next morning fresh 

 leaves are added, and the process repeated daily, iintil the 

 desired strength of frerfiune is attained ; the pommado is then 

 poured into cylindrical tin boxes, and sealed up for shipment. 



The oils are treated in the same manner as to maceration, 

 but are filtered instead of being pressed. 



The process of " enflenrage" is as follows : — Large nnmbers 

 of "chassis" or sashes are yn'epared, abont 2J feet long by 

 11 wide, the frame itself being 2 inches wide and Ij thick, 

 holding a stout plate of ground glass, and resembling in con- 

 struction a large school .slate. Those for the oils are about 

 4 by 2J feet, proportionately heavy, and, in place of the glass, 

 have coarse iron-wire network. The large factories have several 

 thousands of each of these frames. 



Upon each side of the glass the pommade is thinly spread, 

 and the surface is channeled or furrowed with a four-tined 

 square-pointed wooden fork, so as to present the utmost surface 

 for the absorption of the odour from the flower-leaves, which 

 are thickly sprinkled upon it. The frames are successively 

 charged w-ith flowers, and piled one upon another, up to the 

 ceiling. The leaves, confined between two strata of pomatum, 

 wither, and yield up their odorate principle, which is rapidly 

 absorbed. Daily renewals of the flowers are made, imtil the 

 proper strength is obtained. The perfumed pommade is then 

 scraped oil gently, melted in a water bath, and poured into cans. 



In preparing the oils, coarse, heavy, spongy, cotton cloths, 

 made especially for this purpose at Marseilles, are saturated 

 with olive oil, and spread upon the netted fi-ames ; flowers are 

 then strewn thickly upon them, and they are piled up in hke 

 manner as the pommade frames. When sufficiently charged 

 with the odour, the oil is expressed from the cloths by powerful 

 levers. 



Many hundredweights of flowers and herbs are dried an- 

 nually, are variously used in medicine, in cookery, and in the 

 composition of scent-bags, cachous, fuming-pastils for the sick 

 chamber, and kindred compounds of the perfumer's art. 



The Parmesian or double Violet is grown mainly at Nice, 

 under the shade of trees, and yields a delicate and delightful 

 perfume. It was the favourite odour of the Athenians under 

 Pericles, and is now one of the most fashionable scents of the 

 Parisian heuii munde. 



The flower-farms receive the highest culture. Underdrain- 

 ing was not practised at the period of my visit, but great 

 attention was paid to irrigation. In some fields at Cannes 

 there were complete networks of irrigating-tubes substantially 

 laid in cement. A constant warfare is waged upon insects, and 

 each plant has its particular borer, grub, or bug. Continual 

 vigUanee is the price of success. 



The heat in summer is intense, though tempered by the sea 

 breeze ; and the winter is, at times, as rigorous as at Washing- 

 ton or Eichmond. 



Male labour costs 35 to 40 cents per day, and female 15 cents. 

 — (American Gardi'iier's Montldy.) 



WORK FOR THE ^^rEEK. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



At the time of planting Celery, Endive, or ajiy other 

 cuUnary vegetable, they should by no means be deprived of 

 any portion of their leaves. This' practice is still continued 

 by some ]iersons ; but it is evidently a bad one, and may be 

 proved as such by trying both methods. In planting great 

 care should be taken to press the soil close to the roots. 

 CabbaficK, plant out some of last-mouth's-so-nm plants, for use 

 in the autumn as Coleworts. Make a sowing at the end of 

 the week for the first main spring crop. Gapsieums, the plants 

 should be kept watered in dry weather ; if a little litter is laid 

 round them they will not require it so often. There is a fre- 

 quent complaint of their not fruiting sufficiently early to ripen. 

 We know not how it can be expected when the plants receive 

 no attention whatever, and consequently do not begin to grow 

 till the autumnal rains set in. Canijls, thin the late-sown 

 crops, and loosen the earth between them where they have 

 been sown in di-ills. CeUnj, the earliest i)lantcd will now re- 

 quire to be gone over, and divested of their small kiwer leaves 

 and side-shoots. The trenches should afterwards be thoroughly 

 soaked with water, previously to the plants being earthed-up, 

 which should take place the following day as soon as they are 

 quite di-y. Cuciimbera. as the plants on the ridges spread, 

 cover the soil with short litter. This will keep the earth moist 

 and the fruit clean. Etulive, transplant a few more, and make 



another sowing. A few days' difference in transplanting. Sat 

 this season, sometimes proves of great advantage. Dwarf 

 Kidney Beans, a last sowuig should now be made in a sheltered 

 situation ; tlie drills should be watered if the soil is very dry. 

 Herbs, those for drying or distilling should be cut before the 

 flowers expand, as they aftenvards lose those qualities for 

 which they are most valued. Sorrel should be cut down if 

 required for use in autumn. Tomatoes require constant at- 

 tention to cause them to ripen their fruit ; the shoots should 

 be thinned, and those left kept closely nailed to the wall ; they 

 should also be watered and mulched in dry weather. 



FECIT GARDEN. 



Attend to the previous directions in regard to the thihiiiiig 

 and stopping the young shoots of all trained trees ; and ii&vr 

 make the final thinning of Peaches and Nectaiines, of course 

 leaving the hoariest crop on the most vigorous trees and 

 strongest branches. As a general rule no two fruit should be 

 left together. Plums of tlie large kinds, as well as the finer 

 sorts of Pears, should also lie thinned, if the crop is too heavy. 

 Young P.-ach and Apricot trees, when making over-vigorous 

 leaders, ;;!jould have the points of the branches shortened, to 

 cucouragH tlum to make other shoots less vigorous, and of a 

 fruitful character. This will obvia' 3 the necessity of shortening 

 them back at the winter pruning. Strawberries will require 

 frequent waterings during dry weather. Layer the runners 

 intended for pot culture, as well as those required for making 

 plantations. All spare runners may be cut away, and keep the 

 plants free from weeds. Thin and stop shoots of Figs as soon 

 as they have made a growth of about C inches. Remove all 

 useless gi-owth from out-door Vines. Keep fru t close to the 

 wall, and shaded by the foliage from the smi. 



FLOWER O.VEDES. 



strong shoots of Chrj'santhemums may now be layered in 

 pots to produce dwarf compact bushes. Those in pots may 

 soon receive their final shift. All seedlings should be marked, 

 noticing their various properties as to form, colour, and sub- 

 stance. There are few persons, we believe, who are fond of 

 horticultural pm-suits but save seeds from some favoimte flower, 

 they raise them and watch their opening blossoms with anxious 

 but pleashig expectations of procuiing something difierent from 

 what they have j'et seen, but how many are disappointed in 

 their expectations ! The cause of this is that no attempt is made 

 to artificially impregnate distinct species or varieties having 

 good qualities, or if it is done, it is done carelessly, and new 

 varieties are not more iilcely to be produced than by the com- 

 mon practice of sa\Tng the seed indiscriminately from every 

 plant that produces it, whether having bad or good properties. 

 This we believe to be the chief reason of so much disappoint- 

 ment in seedlings. One person, by care and attention to im- 

 pregnation, will have more good flowers from fifty plants than 

 another who has saved seed indiscriminately will from a thon- 

 sand. Now is the best season for obserring the effect of the 

 arrangement of the colours, &c., and if any alteration is deemed 

 necessary it should be carefully noted, which will greatly 

 facihtate its execution at the proper season. Seedling Poly- 

 anthuses should be carefully shaded from the sun's rays, and 

 watered with a fine rose, this will jn-event the ravages of the 

 red spider. Ranunculus roots ^ill be better out of the ground 

 as soon as thu foliage is Withered ; the roots to be gradually 

 dried, when this is done too rapidly it is detrimental to those 

 which happen to be in a weak state. Continue to propagate 

 Picotees, Pinks, and Pansies. CUp Box-edgings in cloudy 

 weather. Bud Roses. Mow and roll lawnSfi aadiidUom> up 

 assiduously the exth-pation of weeds. ■iijr/i'ffq J/. lnLii.'j::; 



GREENHOUSE AND CONSERVATORY. 



Hardwooded plants, including most of the genera from New 

 Holland which bloom early in the spring, and which after 

 blooming received the neeessai-y pruning, &c., will now he so 

 far advanced in their new gi-o\vth that any requiring to be 

 potted shoixld at once have a shift. After turning them out 

 loosen the outside roots before placing them in their new pots, 

 to enable them to take to the fresh soil more readily. Keep 

 them close for a few days, especially if the roots have been 

 much disturbed, and damp once or twice daily overhead, water 

 carefully at first, taking jiains to insure the old ball haring its 

 proper share until the roots get established in the new soil. 

 Continue Epacrises under glass till their gi-o\vth is complete, 

 but more air and light should be allowed, then increasing it as 

 the wood gets firmer. In the beginning of next month they 

 may be placed out of doors in an open situation where they 

 can be protected from heavy rains. Some of the stove plants 



