78 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GAEDENEK. 



[ July 25, 1865. 



COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— July 22. 



Market well Buppliod. Soft frnit in excellent condition. Striiwherries 

 nearly over, Elton Pine lieing the only variety. English and West Indian 

 Pines are both on hnnd in large quantities. Inferior samples of the 

 former quite unsaleable except at a very low rate. Vegetables good and 

 abundant, comprising the usual varieties; good Peas, however, are moi'e 

 inquired for, the sorts most in demand being Ne Plus Ultra and Champion. 



Apples ^ sieve 1 



Apricots doz. 1 



Cherries lb. u 



Chestnuts bush. 



Currants, Red ^ sieve 3 



Black do. 4 



Figs doz. 4 



Filberts 100 lbs. 



Cobs do. 50 



Gooseberries. . i sieve 2 



Grapes, Hnmbro. . . lb. 2 



Muscats lb. 4 



Lemons 100 5 



s. d. s. d 



Melons each 2 Oto6 



Mulberries punnet 



Nectarines doz. 10 15 



Oranpes 100 10 20 



Peaches doz. 12 24 



Pears (kitchen)., doz. 



dessert doz. 10 2 



Pine Apples lb. 3 



Plums 4 sieve 





 

 

 2 

 Walnuts bush 14 20 



Quinces J sieve 



Raspberries lb. 6 



Sti-awberries lb. 6 



VEGETABLES. 



Artichokes each 



Asparagus bundle 



Beans Broad, . bushel 



Kiilney do. 



Beet, Red doz. 



Broccoli bundle 



BruB. Sprouts. .^ sieve 



Cabbage doz. 



Capsicums 100 



CaiTots bunch 



Cauliflower doz. 



Celery bundle 



Cucumbers cnch 



pickling doz. 



Endive score 



Fennel bunch 



Garlic and Shallots, lb. 



Herbs bunch 



Horseradish . . bundle 



E. d. s. d 

 4to 6 







3 



3 



2 

 

 

 9 

 

 4 



3 

 2 

 G 

 2 

 2 

 3 

 8 

 3 







5 



5 



3 











Leeks bunch 



Lettuce per score 



Mushrooms. . . . pottle 

 Mustd. & Cress.punnet 

 Onions, .doz. bimches 



pickling quart 



Parsley A sieve 



Parsnii)S '. doz. 



Peas quni't 



Potatoes bushel 



New bushel 



Radishes doz. bunches 



Rhubarb bundle 



Savoys doz. 



Sea-liale basket 



Spinach bushel 



Tomatoes doz. 



TiUTiips bunch 



Vegetable MaiTows dz. 



s. d. s. d 

 3 too G 

 9 16 



3 

 

 



8 



9 



2 6 



3 

 G 

 2 

 

 



6 

 

 G 

 

 

 

 4 

 

 

 

 

 6 

 



TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



*** We request tluit no one will write privately to the depart- 

 mental writers of the '* Journal of Horticulture, Cottage 

 Gardener, and Country Gentleman." By so doing they 

 are subjected to unjustifiable trouble and expense. AU 

 communications should therefore be adikessed solely to 

 The Editoj-s of the Journal of Jlortlculture, (Oc, 171, Fleet 

 Street, London, E.G, 



We also request that correspondents will not mix up on the 

 same sheet questions relating to Gardening and those on 

 Poultry and Bee subjects, if they expect to get them an- 

 swered promptly and conveniently, but write them on 

 separate communications. Also never to send more than 

 two or thr(;e questions at once. 

 N.B. — Many questions must remain unanswered until next 

 week. 



Vine Leaves I^ullated (J. Stcvens\~T\ie warts on the back of the 

 leaves are produced by rich feeding at the roots, with too much moisture, 

 and closeness in the atmosphere of the house. Give more air, and more 

 dry heat, and make yom- Grapes, and not the plants in pots, the chief 

 object of your cultivation. 



Vine and Melon Leaves Mildewed iA Conxtant Subscriber).— There is 

 a sh^'ht appearance of mildew on the Vines. Use a little flowers of 

 sulphur. Give di-y heat in moist weather, and plenty of air. Air and 

 dry heat will, we hope, make all right. Use lime water in watering 

 the Melons. You might strew some lime on the bed with advantage. 

 Give also plenty of air, and paint the back of the pit or frame with 

 sulphur and lime, r.nd if that is too white add a little soot. It was a pity 

 to use soil so full of fungus. 



Animated Oats (Jf. N. ^.).— These are the seeds of Avena sterilis, and 

 commonly called the "Animal Oat" and the "Lively Oat."' It is a 

 native of Barbury, but was introduced here more than two centuries 

 Since. Of coui'se you are aware that the cause of these seeds moving 

 about hke a mass of insects is the extreme sensitiveness of their awns 

 to dryness and moisture. We do not know the Clematises you mention, 

 but they probably require greenhouse culture. 



Names of Roses (E. S.).— The white Rose is Noisette Grandiflora, hut 

 the other was too decayed to be recognised. 



Transplanting Gooseberry and Currant Trees {A Subscriber).— 

 With care you can reaiUly transplant these when six or seven years old. 

 Prune the bushes as soon as the fruit -bearing is over— that is, cut away 

 a good deal of the branches which will not be wanted. As soon as the 

 leaves bepin to change colour a little, open a trench some 3 or i feet from 

 the bole of each shrub, and then pick away the earth, but carefully saving 

 the roots. If you can seciu-e to each a ball of earth all well, if not it 

 matters but little. Spread out the roots nicely in the new soil, and stake 

 the trees, and mulch the surface before frost comes. The shi-ubs will 

 make good roots before spring. 



Stove Plants for DRAWiNO-nooM (An Old Snhscribcr).~'Fhis subject 

 will be discussed fully in the course of a week or two. 



Pelargoniums Done Blooming (PT.B. IT.).— After bloomingthey should 

 be rested for a period of six weeks, by thorough exposure, and withholding 

 water, or, if rainy weather, by turning the pots on their sides. When the 

 plants ai-e cut down it is not necessary to jilnnge the pots, but stand them 

 on a hard floor or boards. They should be repotted after the new shoots 

 are half an inch in length, removing most of the old soil, and potting 

 into smaller-sized pots. After potting place in a cold frame, shading 

 from bright sun, and keeping close for a few days; then give all the air 

 possible, and protect from heavy rains. 



Plants for Wall of Stove (J. Baiilcy).—'Wc presume your wall is 

 shaded. In that case you could not do better than have a trellis made for 

 it, and cover that with Cissus discolor, and thus have a tapestry of the 

 richest and most beautiful kind. In case you wish for flowering plants, 

 Hoya carnosa and its vars. pitta and variegata, Slikania scandens, 

 Manettia bicolor, and Bignonia venusta. If there is no trellis, then 

 Cereus grandiflorus, C. Macdonaldi, and C. flagelliformis. Our choice 

 would be two plants of Cissus discolor, and a Sphffimstemma marmorata 

 in the centre, with suspended baskets, from the upper part of the wall, 

 of Pothos argjTjea. If the wall is not shaded, then Passiflora quadran- 

 gularis, edulis, racemosa, and alata, or Ficus barbata, Vanilla aromatica, 

 and Reuanthera coccinea. 



Scale on Peach Trees (Inquircr).~lt is difficult to tell what causes 

 trees to be attacked by insects. Yom* trees on the gi-eenhouse back wall 

 do not, probably, receive suflicient air, and that may render the leaves 

 f;;vourable to attacks of scale. As the fruit is ripening, you can only 

 pick off the scale with the point of a knife, which certainly 'is a slow but 

 sm-e method of clearing ofl" the pest. After the fruit has been gathered, 

 syi'inge the trees with water, at a temperature of 160'^, in which softsoap 

 or Gishurst compound has been dissolved at the rate of 4 ozs. to the 

 gallon. Allow this to dry, then wash it ofl" ^^ith water at 140-. After the 

 leaves have fallen (cleai- them away immediately they faU). wash the trees 

 with a composition which we have" used for the last twenty years, without 

 any appearance of scale afterwards. It is made as follows":— Take 7 lbs. 

 sulphur vivum,and 7 lbs. quick lime, and boil for fifteen minutes in thi'ee 

 gallons of soft water ; then add 2 lbs. softsoap, and 1 lb. of the strongest 

 tobacco, continuing the boihng half an hour longer. Strain, and apply 

 whilst hot (140 ) to the trees \\ith a brush, taking care not to injure the 

 buds, and yet to go into every hole and crevice. Keep in a close-stoppered 

 bottle for future use, and in case of attacks of red spider, thrips. and 

 preen fly, in summer, put a pint in three gallons of water, and syi-inge 

 the trees -with it. We know this old remedy, for the ailments of the 

 Poach, to have been in use for three-quarters of a century with the best 

 results. The trees should be washed before the buds begin to swell. 



Himalayan Cedar and Cypress Seeds {Dorm't.). — Sow the seeds next 

 March in a cold frame, in light good loam, or sow in pans, keeping moist, 

 and rather close, until the seedlings appear; theu give aii* day and night 

 in mild weather, protecting only from deluging rains and severe frost. 

 Water freely, but never sodden the soil ; and in winter give Air daily, 

 protecting with mats in r^evere weather. When the seedlings are a year old, 

 prick themofi'in the frame in rows G inches apart, and S apart in the lines. 

 They may be potted, and gi'own in an airy greenhouse, if sovm in heat, 

 and hardened-ofT after the yoimg pbmts appear. In the spring of the 

 second year from sowing they may be transplanted into a sheltered situa- 

 tion, yet open, in lines a foot apart, and 6 inches in the lines. Two years 

 from this they may be planted out in their final positions. We suppose 

 that the " Gigantic C>'press" sent to you from the Himalaya is Cupressus 

 torrulosa. What is the " Rayen Cedar," or the " Blue Cedar," we do not 

 know. 



Peach Trees Over-luxuiuant — Fruit Falling (if. C). — ^We should 

 think that yoiu- Peach-border is very rich and deep. If not deeper than 

 24 inches, and the roots cannot get below that, we should not mind how 

 rich the border was ; biit disbud the young sappy shoots, so as to leave 

 them 9 inches asunder, thereby allowing them light and air, in order to 

 get the wood well ripened. When the wood is so ripe as to perfect the 

 fniit-buds for blossoming and setting, it is hard to tell how the falling of 

 the fruit afterwards can be attributed to the imperfect ripening of the 

 wood. Your fruit falls when undergoing the stoning process, and it faUs 

 to do this generally — 1st. When the trees have been too heavily cropped ; 

 2nd, When there is not sufficient moisture in the soil ; 3rd, When there is 

 not sufficient air or ventilation ; 4th. Wlien the atmosphere is too dry, 

 and there is too much heat at that period ; 5th, When there are sudden 

 changes of temperature, and alternations from little to much air, coupled 

 with extremes of drjiiess and moisture. Providing the border is not 

 deep, we would not root-prune or take up the trees, but disbud to shoots 

 at every 9 inches distance along the main branches, and have them at 

 that distance from each other. We would shorten the leading shoots but 

 little at the winter pruning, and leave the bearing shoots longer than 

 usual— say 1 foot. From the first swelling of the buds give air day and 

 night, lessening it, of course, by night, and continuing this until the 

 leaves fall. Peaches like plenty of an-. After setting syi-inge the trees 

 raominp and evening, up to the time of the fruit ripening, when a little 

 fire heat will do all that is necessai-y for ripening the fruit and wood. 

 From first to lost the border should" be well supplied with water, par- 

 ticularly when the fruit is stoning; and for want of this, and sufficient 

 ventilation, we think your Peaches fall without stoning. We presume 

 your trees are young, and that they will lose their luxuiiance when they 

 commence bearing. If the border is rich and deep, then we would re- 

 commend lifting the trees in preference to root-pruning, reducing the 

 border to 20 inches deep, and planting rather near the surface, just 

 covering the roots. We have some that would not set their bloom, and 

 we took them up last November, and found the roots lilie so many bare 

 sticks at a depth of 2 feet or more. They were planted nearer the surface, 

 and are now loaded with fruit. They were in a rich deep border. The 

 trees are best lifted and transplanted when the leaves are falling, No- 

 vember and December being the best months. 



Gebaniums (S. S. S.).— Mrs. Pollock, Sunset. Italia Unita, Lucy Grieve, 

 Mrs. Benyon, and Countess were raised, we believe, by Mr. Grieves. The 

 others were also sent out by Messrs. E. G. Henderson, to whom you had 

 better apply for information as to when the variety which you name will 

 be sent out. 



Azalea Stocks (J. P. F.I.— Verschafielti, caUed by some persona rho- 

 dodendroides : this is without doubt by far the best stock kno^vn. If 

 sufficient quantity of the above is not to be had use the following: — 

 Holfordii, Marie Louise, and Phoenicia. 



