September 111, 1865. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTUBE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



may be Bubstitutoil. Good drainage is necessary, and plenty 

 of ")H)t-room. A fine blooming root will be a giant indeed if 

 put in a No. 1-pot. Suckers or offsets should be placed iu pots 

 pro|)ortioniite to their size, and be grown on under liberal 

 trcutinent until of a blooming age. All should be potted in 

 autumn, taking olT as much of the old soil as can be dune 

 witliout injuring the roots, and deep enough to just cover the 

 crown. They siiould bo kept over the winter in a cold pit, 

 or any similar place from whicli frost is only just excluded, 

 and in spring as growth conuuences have moderate suiiplies 

 of water. When growth becomes active the waterings must 

 become copious ; and when the idant is blocmiing it slundd 

 stanil in a i)an of water or bo very freely watered. After bloom- 

 ing gradually diminish the sujiply of moisture, so as to give 

 none by the middle or end of Kejitemher ; and keep near the 

 glass in a pit or frame, by which the ripening of the bulb will 

 be secured and the large leaves will droop, ^\^len these are 

 quite gone remove any offsets that are likely to rob the large 

 roots of support, jiotting the old rodts if a shift be necessary, 

 otherwise it is not reiiuisite to pot them every year. Whilst 

 growing manure water at every alternate watering will bo 

 serviceable. Plenty of pot-room, liberal treatment when grow- 

 ing, well ripening the bulbs in autumn, and a period of rest are 

 all that is needed to grow this gigantic Lily. It does well in a 

 cool greenhouse or conservatory, and requires one rather lofty, 

 as it fre(|uently sends up stems of Itl feet high. — G. Abbey. 

 (To be contiuned.) 



GREAT INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTUR.VL 

 EXHIBITION AND CONGRESS OF 1800. 



We have much gratification in announcing that Her Majesty 

 has graciously taken this Exhibition under Her patronage, and 

 lias liljcrally contributed the sum of £~)0 to the subscription 

 list. We are glad to add that the jjuhlic are responding well 

 to the call which the Committee liave made, and with Her 

 Majesty's example before them we hope that contributors will 

 come freely forward and aid in carrying out to a successful 

 issue an undertaking of such national importance. 



PEARS FOR BUSHES AND DWARF PYRAMIDS 

 IN THE NORTH OF EXGL.VND. 



EFFKCTS OF DOUnT.K-ORAFTINIi. 



You will be conferring a favour on me. and perhaps on many 

 others, if you will give a list of Pears suitable for bushes or 

 dwarf pyramids in the open ground in the north of England. 

 I am induced to ask this for the following reason. Beurre de 

 Capiaumont is of extraordinary fertility' and good quality on 

 an east wall here, but degenerates into a mere crab when cul- 

 tivated as a p\Tamid ; whilst Marie Louise, although much 

 more tender when in blossom, and later iu ripening its fruit 

 on an east wall, retains or perhaps improves its quality by 

 being grown on a bush. It so seldom bears a crop, however, 

 as to offer no inducement here to grow it -n that way. 



I should also like you to treat on the variations in quality 

 (specifying sorts), which are induced by grafting on the quince 

 and thorn stocks. Here I grow the Dnnmore ; ami when I 

 received the grafts I worked several on trees on an east wall 

 which had been grafted on the quince, whilst others were 

 gi'afted on pear stocks, one of which grows against a south 

 wall. The latter are much larger Pears, but neither from that 

 tree nor from standards on the pear are they at all to be com- 

 pared with those double-worked on the quince for flavour, or 

 any other good quality. Again, the fruit from the Beurre de 

 Eance, double-worked on the quince, were gathered last season 

 on the same day as some grown on pear stocks, both growing 

 against walls having the same aspect ; and the fruit, kept in 

 the same fruit-room, became melting and excellent in January, 

 whilst that grown on pear stocks never became melting at all, 

 although kept until JIay. Again, the fruit of the Seckle on a 

 tree double-worked, is with me twice as large and twice as 

 good as that grown on pear stocks. — T. G. 



[It is most difficult to give a decided opinion as to the best 

 kinds of Pears for the north. No fruit is so capricious. There 

 are some sheltered warm valleys iu the far north in which fine 

 Pears ripen well, while in contiguous sites and sods they refuse 

 to do so. Nothing but experience can determine this, and as 

 trees are cheap it can be bought at a moderate rate. The sorts 



of which we give a list form prolific bushes when double- 

 grafted : by this wo mean, first to bud a free-growing sort of 

 I'car on the ipiince, and then graft the sort required on to the 

 budded plant. This is fully treated of in the thirteenth edition 

 of the " Miniatun^ Fruit Garden " by JFr. Rivers. Sunjnier 

 i)oy<!nn6. Jargonelle, Victoria (lluyshci. Prince of Wales 

 (Huyshe), Autumn Nelis, Winter Nelis, Beuri(j Bose, British 

 CJueen, Seckle, Aston Town, L'Incounue (Yan Mons), Josephine 

 do -Malines, Bourn' de Ranee, Suffolk Thorn, TlMjmpson's. 



Sorts that may he grown as bushes on the quince stock with- 

 out doublo-giafting. — Alexandre Lambre, Baroune do Mello, 

 Beurre Bachelier, IJeurrii d'Amanlis, Beurre Guubault, Beurro 

 Hardy, Beurri; Superfin, Conseiller de la Cour, Doyennf; Bous- 

 soch. Doyenne du Comice, Fondante d'Automne, Jersey Gratioli, 

 Louise Bonne, Marie Louise D'Ucclc, Madame Heyne, Passe* 

 Crassanc, Vinouse, Yat, Jalousie de Fonteuay, Poire Peche. 



Systematic double-grafting of fruit trees is likely to lead to 

 most beneficial results, by it we mean the careful selection of 

 stocks to suit different varieties. Thus, for instance, Mr. 

 Rivers points out the Beurre d'Amanlis Pear as a fit stock on 

 which to double-graft the Jargonelle and Gansol's Bergamot 

 Pears, and Conseiller de la Cour for other sorts. The truth is, 

 care is required to do the thing well. Useless double-grafting 

 on all sorts of Pears on quince stocks wUl, to a certainty, lead 

 to failures. 



Continental pomologists and nurserymen know little or 

 nothing of this refined method of fruit-tree culture. Much may 

 thus be done in improving the health and fertility of our trees, 

 and the flavour of their fruit. English gardeners seem to have 

 for the most part confined themselves to producing flue Pines, 

 Grapes, Peaches, &c., leaving the study of fruit-tree culture 

 to nurserymen who, we trust, will now see the path open to 

 fame if not to profit.] 



laTCHEN GARDENING. 



.IUI.Y. 



This month, which begins, as it were, another season, might, 

 I think, not inaptly be termed '' bedding-out " time in the 

 kitchen garden, as on the first rainy day that we are favoured 

 with winter stuff should be permanently planted out. Pre- 

 suming that the plants have been pricked out according to 

 previous directions, the next consideration will be where to 

 plant them, as a casual observer would jironomice the garden 

 to be already full ; but on the proper use of this month will 

 depend the aspect of affairs iu the ensuing winter. I first 

 begin with Brussels Sprouts, as the plants of these from the 

 first sowing will by this time require more room than the 

 nm-sery-heds will afford them. In planting what I term my 

 first batch this year, I must admit that I have not exactly 

 Ijractised what I have preached, as I planted on the ground 

 previously occupied by spring Cabbage ; but I made a very 

 large hole in the manure-heap to atone for my disregard of 

 the laws of rotation. 



The next crops of importance will be the Sprouting and au- 

 tumn Broccoli, tliough with the latter I never do much, as it is 

 rather a precarious crop with me ; but as a row or two of Peas 

 will by this time be done \\'ith, I generally occupy their position 

 with two or three rows of autumn Broccoli, finding room for 

 a row of Cabbage by the side of them if possible. Space can 

 be found for four rows of Sprouting Broccoli and two rows of 

 Variegated Kale between and on each side of the first-sown 

 three rows of Scarlet Runners, which will by this time be fit to 

 pick. One of the most important considerations in this double 

 cropping is to exercise great care in gathering the produce of 

 the first crop, so as not to tread upon or otherwise damage the 

 second or winter crop. 



The first batch of Savoys having been planted on the gi'ound 

 where the early Peas were gi-own, space must be found for the 

 main crop. As the Broad Beans will by this time be getting 

 shabby, or at any rate can be dispensed with for giving variety 

 to and keeping up the supply of vegetables, and as the Potatoes 

 between the rows may be taken up, the ground thus set at 

 liberty can be prepared and planted with Savoys. For the first 

 sowing of Turnips I use, or take up, three or fom- rows of Cab- 

 bage of the second lot, and, digging up the Potatoes between 

 the rows of Cabbage, the seed can be sown at once, so that the 

 ground is scarcely idle a day. 



As the south border will by this time look anything but neat, 

 with half-used beds of Early Horn CaiTots, spring Onions, 

 seed-beds of winter stuff and several other things that are 



