October 8, 1865. ] 



JOURNAL OF HOBTICULTUKE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



285 



Apuicot TiiKp; I.TNr-iiurmiL— Eahtek Ueurkk Pkak Cuacking and 

 Bkoayincj {(}. i'lVn. —W(3 slioulil tbiiik thivt the Aprioot riiuj* much to 

 wood, causod from the soil boinK ricb, Jind the pruiuiiii cxcusmvo. When 

 Apricots Ijiivu covorotl tliuir iillottt-d spiioo tUo j^Towihs mo very oltou 

 abunilimt iiud vi^forous, nud to koop thorn close to tho wall much Bum- 

 mer priininf.,' has to bn resorted to, which Ih seldom done nntil the shootK 

 nro n foot or morr in U'li^jth. Thi> Ucoii^ the tree coustautly produciu^ 

 wood, so thiU no I.Ioiiin-hudH am forim.-d. Try Htoppinf^ t!io Hhoots (except 

 those wantfd for IlIlinK-iu and t'xtrnsioii, which should not ho stopped at 

 ftU), at tho ft)urth luiif, aud when tlu-y pUMh iiMain at tlio Ih-st joint, and 

 after this keep thoni close-stoppi'd to ono joint Ihrou^'hout the woaHOU. If 

 tho roots arc inH ducp you will thou huvo bloom-buds for fruiting another 

 season. If the roots are deep aud tho soil rich, the tree will always 

 make a jO"eat deal of wood, uo anioimt of prauiug aud stopping keopiuK' 

 the yhoots short aud stubby, and an for spurs they will ho few and far 

 between. To taltonptho trees imiiUMliatuly the loavos turn yellow, aud 

 replant, would most likely rivo short-jointed wood, and mauy short spurs 

 another yi-ar sot with buds, from which you may calenlato on having fruit 

 in the ensuing scayon. If the tree is old and large it would lie an woU t<> 

 try root-pruning, talung out a tronch at a distaneo of half the height of 

 the tree, aud to a depth of 2 feet, and cutting off all rootH there if any, 

 aud if none bo found work toward-^ tho stem of tho tree, cutting off all 

 roots that go purpuudicuhirly down, leaving all thoso less than tho little 

 fluger US little disturbed as ran be. Kill in tho trench after you hiivo 

 worked the soil bctweou tho trench and tho stem to within a yard or so, 

 and leave tlic surfaeo roots undisturbed; but if uo roots tliat go down be 

 found in tbat spiicc. then follow up tho trench to tho stem, so that any 

 roots flriking down there can be cut off. This will bo almost oquivalent 

 to hftiug the tree, which if it is oxcessively vigorous, is what we adviso 

 to be done, aud in the following manner: — I>ig out a trench 2 loot wide 

 and Is iuclios deep, id hiilf the distance from the stem that the tree is in 

 heiyhf.aiid nt an eijiuU distance all round from tho stem. With a fork 

 remove tho soil froni am-rngst tlio roots for a distance of 3 feet, or half 

 that between the treueli and the stem of the tree. Then remove the 

 surface soil dowu to the roots, and work under them with a spade so that 

 the roots may be moved with some earth to them. This done iiuite up to 

 the wall, lift tlio tree clean out, having first mmailed the branches aud 

 tied them togetlu-r so as to prevent breakage. Ascertain whether there 

 were many roots that had gone down by the wall, and if there were place 

 a thin Hixn stone, a yard square, close to the wall just where the tree is to 

 be planted, and at exactly 1 foot below the surface. The soil being 

 removed from the opening to a depth of 1 foot 3 inches, lay at the bottom 

 6 inches of fresh and rather light loam, aud if the top spit (6 inchesl, 

 of a pasture, chopped with a spade roughly, nothing could be better. 

 Lay about H inches of rather liner soil on this, and then place the tree in 

 its proper position, and if the roots next tho stem be jnst on a level with 

 the surface all is welh Cover them with 3 or 4 inches of fresh soil, so that 

 the stem may appear sUghtly elevated. Spread out the other roots not 

 in the ball regularly, cover with a little hue soil, andfinally cover up with 

 G inches of good turfy loam. If the border is not cropped, then tho 

 roots should be 3 inches nearer the surface. The best time to do this 

 is immediately the leaves turn yellow. The Pear tree root-pruned last 

 year could not have been so cffeL-Lually. That kind of root-pruning at 

 a distance from the stem, and which only takes away the thick roots there 

 going deep is worse than useless. The roots that go down are in nine 

 cases out of ten right under the bole, aud for root-pruning to be 

 effectual these must he cut. The roots have penetrated into had soil, 

 aud must be brought nearer tho surface to effect a cure. 



Preserving Kidnf.y Beans and Scarlet Runneiir {Idem). — We have 

 known them kept quite fresh until March, and, in one or two instances, until 

 these Beajis came in again. The iwocess was simply gathering the pod^s, 

 when of a size fit for use, on a dry day, aud during dry weather if possible. 

 A thin layer was then placed at the bottom of a r;toue jar, then a thin 

 layer of fine salt so as to cover them, and on this a layer of Beans, thou 

 salt, aud so on until the jar was fall. We cannot say bow much salt was 

 used, but we think that it was equal to one-fourth of the hulk of tho 

 Beans. 



LoiiATiAs— Clary Wine {W. Harlow). — Lomatia fen*uginea is a native 

 of China. L. silaifolia is from New South Wales. Wc never remember a 

 recipe for effei*\'escing Clarj' wine. 



A Small MajuxET Garden {Deiwniensis), — ^To answer your query would 

 require us to be acquainted with the rent i)aid for houses along tho whole 

 south coast. You must go and see for yourself. Select a lightish soil, 

 and begin at some \illage on the shore of the Southampton water, such 

 as Weston J but you will be puzzled to find a £a house anywhere, we 

 think. 



Vines out of Doors {Ohlifjed Reader). — You may try on your S.W. 

 and W. wooden fences Black July, Early Saumur Frontignan, and Early 

 AVbite Malvasia. We have a series of very narrow glazed fi-ames, like the 

 lights of a Melon frame, but much narrower, to cover our Vines. At the 

 bottom they rest on a course of bricks, at the top they go under a coping. 

 They join closely to each other, aud each can be easily lifted off to admit 

 air or for any other i)uri)06e. 



GnowiNa Plants rou Pleasfrk and Profit (Nemo\. — You may grow 

 plants profitably and add a little to your income ; but ; on most not think 

 to do it and not bit otiicrs ku()w you grow pbints fi*r sale, us if it wore 

 Komothiug of whicli you fee;! ashamed. Yotir most lilc-ly way rif dispos- 

 ing of your plants will lie to tliose requiring them in the iinmudiatu 

 locality, tlmugh we do not say you might not hoII thorn at a cheap rata 

 wholusalo in dozens and hundreds to some dealer. You will find those 

 plants suitable for windows aud decoration of rooms most remunerative, 

 especially those grown by tho little-initated in horticultural matters, as, 

 for instance, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Ac, for summer; Chrysanthemums 

 for autumn; and Primulas and wintur-l)looming plants in winter. Ton 

 will Hoou loarn what is most in demand, and then go to work so as to 

 meet the demand. Your seven hundred plants are, we preiiuuie, chiefly 

 bedding plants, worth wholesEile to a nurseryman 158. per hundred, aB ha 

 xvill probably have to send them out at '2(M. or 8Dt., with the trouble of 

 roparliing and giving six or twelve months credit to the purcliaaer. Now, 

 wore tiny plants of wliieh everybody liked a few, but which they have 

 not convi-iiience of raising, they would bring CxL or la. a-pieco. To grow 

 plants for profit, tho better kinds of common plants must be grown in 

 quantity, and to effect sales the grower must not only openly announco 

 himsulf a grower for sale, but solicit orders. Almost anything can bo 

 made to pay, the main points being jirineiple, and supplying a good articlo 

 at a fair price. Considering the time and uncertainty in the sale ot 

 plants, we are inclined to think fruit would jiay better. Fruit always com- 

 mands a ready sale ; plants do not, being often kept in stock more for tho 

 accommodation of customers by nurserymen, than for the profit which 

 they afford. Vines would pay well. A vinery 18 feet wide would cost 

 about £1 per foot run, aud with the Vines 3 feet apart, an outlay of ;£S 

 per Vine would be neccssan.'. Tho first year there would be nothing, and 

 imtil the third year the produce would bo no more than would pay for 

 fuel and wear aud tear. After the second year, up to the sixth year, 

 12 lbs. of Grapes i)er Vino would bo wliat you might reasonably calculata 

 upon having, worth 5ti. per 11). in May, B?. fjrf. in June, and 'ijt. Hd. in July, 

 and never lower than la. i>d. per lb. In full bearing they would give 

 20 lbs. per Vine without at all taxing them too much, worth at least i.'2. 

 In the growth of Grapes successfully tho profits are, reckoning wear and 

 tear and first cost, equal to 25 per cent., and very often SO per «ent. may 

 he made of them. Besides, you can make arrangements with a fruiterer 

 to take all your Grapes at a stated sum, and not have one-tenth tlio 

 trouble necessary in disposing of plants. 



Destroying Laburnum Trees (Laburnum). — I\Iako about foiir incisions 

 in the bark down to the wood, and in these place arsenic. If done a little 

 below tho surface it will nitt bo necessary to put a bandage round to keep 

 out the air, covering with earth being sufficient. As you wish to grow 

 Ivy upon the trunks of the trees, though the arsenic will destroy the 

 Laburnum it would prove equally fatal to any climbers, from the roots 

 absorbing the arsenic from the soil. We should advise tho beading- 

 down of the trees now; and then, opening out tho soil around the stems, 

 cut the bark through level with the soil, and strip the trunk and 

 roots of bark quite down to the wood. If you do this completely, with 

 tho trunk and the roots for a length or depth of a foot or two, tho 

 trees will die. Had you applied tlie salt, as you mention, in sufficient 

 quantity it would assuredly have destroyed the trees. We should pLont 

 the Ivj- without attempting to kill the trees. The foliage of the two, and 

 the blossom of the Laburnum, would look well combined, as long as the 

 Ivy allowed the Laburnums to live. 



"White Grape (F. H. li. A.). — To ripen in a vinery with your Black 

 Hamburghs and Lady Downo's Grapes, if you wish for a museat-flavom-ed 

 Grape have tho Muscat St. Laurent. If you do not wish for a muscat 

 flavour have Royal Muscadine. 



Names of Fruits (A Youmj Gardener). — ^1, Cornish Aromatic; 2, Shep- 

 herd's Seedling; 3. Catshcad ; 4, Alfriston ; 5, Kymer; 6, Keswick Codlin:; 

 7, Dutch Miguouue ; 8, 9, Dumelow's Seedling ; 10, Downton ; 12. Kentish 

 Codlin. (7^. M.]. — 3, Beurre de Ranee; 4. Louise Bonne of Jersey; 

 5, Knight's Monarch. (Q. N. S:).—\, Flemish Beauty; 3, Winter Neiis; 

 4, Figue de Naples ; 5, Bon Chretien Foudante ; 6, Passe Colmar ; 7, Thomp- 

 son's ; 10, Duchesse d'Angouleme ; 11, Beurrf d'Aremberg ; 12,GlouMor- 

 ceau. Never stick pins in fruit ; it is a dan.;erous practice, and numbers 

 so affixed are apt to become detached. (C\ .S.).— ^1. BeuiTe Diel ; 2, not 

 recognised. (A Subscriber, Allcrton). — 1, Cornish Aromatic: 3, London 

 Pippin; 4, Marie Louise ; 5, Hollandbury. (W.D.). — Your Pear appears to 

 be Williams's Bon Chretien, but its flesh was completely rotten when it 

 reached us. It is impossible, however, to toll the name with certainty 

 from sucli an abnormal specimen. The fruit has been punctured by au 

 insect when in a young state. 



Names of Plants IT. Edwards). — 1, Doodia caudata ; 2, Selaginella 

 Martensii; 3, insufficient, (^ift/ica).— Polystichum angulare proliferum. 

 Was it really found wild in Wales ? It is a cultivated variety, and has 

 never been recorded as a native of Wales. (.Subscriber). — Yes, it is the 

 water weed you suppose ; the name is Anacharis alsinastrum. (Cissie). — 

 Gentiana campestris. 



METEOROLOGICiy^ OBSERVATIONS in the Subm-bs of London for tlie Week ending September 30tli. 



