November 21,1865.] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



431 



COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— Novkmber 1h. 



Ql'OTATloxs roinfiiii noiirly the siiino. Pinc^ avoinmuch better supply, 

 niui (irapes brtve sli^btly nilviinced in price. The Potati) trftile in dull, 

 ;tud large quautities are uu baud, butli at the waterside and other depiHs. 



FRDIT. 



.\pples \ sieve 



AprieotH diiz. 



Cherries lb. 



Chestnuts bush. 



Currniits, Kcd A sieve 



Blaek .'. . . do. 



FiRs doz. 



Filberts lb. 



Cobs 1(10 lbs. 



Goosebenies. . ^ sieve 

 Grapes, >{nnibro... lb. 



Muscats lb. 



Lemons 100 



Artichokes enrh 



Asparatjns bundle 



Beans Broad., bushel 



ICidney ^ sieve 



Keot, Red do/.. 



Broccoli bundle 



Bras. Sprouts. .^ sieve 



Cabbage doz. 



Capsicums 100 



Carrots bunch 



Cauliflower doz. 



Celery bundle 



Cucumbers each 



pickliug doz. 



Kndive score 



Fennel buiicli 



Garlic and Shallots, lb. 



Herbs bunch 



Horseradish . . bundle 



8. d. 



1 











12 











8. d 

 to2 





 



20 















1 

 140 







C 



8 



14 



B. d. n. d. 



Melons each s Oto.^i 



Mulberries punnet 



Nectarines doz. 



Oranges 100 10 20 



Peaches doz. 



Pears (kitchen)., doz. 2 4 



dessert doz. 1 1 (i 4 



Pino Apples lb. R 8 



Plums A sieve 



Quinces ^ sieve S 



Raspberries lb. 



StrawbeiTies . 



, lb. 







4 











Walnuts bush 14 20 



VEOETAELES. 



B. d. 

 4 

 

 

 

 



Leeks bunch 



Lettuce per score 



Mushrooms.... pottle 

 Mustd. & Cress, puunet 

 Ouious per bushel 



pickling quart 



Parsley ^ sieve 



Parsnips doz. 



Peas quart 



Potatoes bushel 



Kidney do. 



Radishes doz. bunches 



Rhubarb bundle 



Savoys doz. 



Sea-kale basket 



Spinach bushel 



Tomatoes A sieve 



Turnips buuch 



Vegetable Marrows dz. 



n. d. 8. d 



3 too 

 10 2 



1 6 



1 



1 

 



2 6 

 S 

 6 

 

 





 9 

 3 

 







4 fi 



TO CORRESPONDENTS, 



Rheumatism \A Yoitiui OartU-ner). — We cannot ;venture into the do- 

 mains of the medical profession. 



Fruit and Vegetable Show at Kensington (ir. il/.). — Fruit may be 

 exhibited alone. 



Greenhouse He.ating (G.J.). — The stove you mention, having no flue, 

 injures plants by the fumes emitted from the fuel. The hot-water appa- 

 ratus you mention answers. We have heated a greenhouse for years by 

 means of a gas stove, with a tube to carry away the fumes into the 

 outside air. 



Grapes Dasiping Off (11'. Ewart).—Vle presume that you mean that 

 the ripe berries become mouldy. If so, a little lire heat and a free circu- 

 lation of air during the day will be your best course of proceeding, 



Pbobable Age of Elm (G.). — The amount of annual growth varies 

 much, according to the soil and climate where the tree is growinc:. Yom- 

 Elm, growing near Hereford, 3 feet 6 inches in diameter at 4 feet from 

 the ground, we should estimate to be from ninety to a hundred years old. 

 Vine Leaves (Tijrot.— The leaves sent us exhibit slight traces of ha\'ing 

 been recently infested with thrips, otherwise they appear healthy, though 

 very thin, lilie tissue paper. The thrips may be destroyed by fumigating 

 vith tobacco, and the want of substance in the leaves remedied by giving 

 more air. 



Book — Pkopagatdig Cissus discolor (A SuhacHher, Gahpay). — 

 Thompson's ''Gardeners' Assistant" contains instructions for both in- 

 door and out-door gardening. We do not Itnow the plant by the leaves 

 sent. Cissus discolor is best struck from cuttings when the new shoots 

 are from 3 to 6 inches in length, taking them off close to the stem with a 

 sort of heel. Remove the leaves from the part to be inserted in the soil, 

 which is to consist of two-thii*ds sandy peat, one-third light loam, and an 

 equal quantity of silver sand. In this insert the cuttings singly in small 

 pots, and plimge the pots in a hotbed of from 75^ to 85-, preserving a 

 moist atmosphere, and shading from bright sun. It may also be prop.i- 

 Rated from eyes, and cuttings of the wood of the previous yeai% the best 

 time to do which is early in March. For estabhshed plants, a compost of 

 equal parts of tm-fy peat, loam, and leaf mould, with a free admixture of 

 shai-p sand, will answer well. 



Book (T, C, Inquirer). — We do not know the book you mention. 

 Poinsettia pulcherrima after Blooming (J. W.).— Keep it near the 

 glass, and diminish the supply of water at the root. Cut-in in February 

 to two or three eyes, and, when the new shoots are a few inches long, 

 repot. During tlie winter, keep moderately drj' at the root in a tempera- 

 ture of 50^. Whilst growing it requires a stove temperature. If you wish 

 to increase your stock, the cuttings may be put in when the plant is cut 

 down. The plants will bloom all the better if raised from wood well 

 ripened, which you will secure by keeping them near the glass, dry at the 

 root, and in a temperature of 55- by night. 



Temperature of Fernery fn Winter (Pond-dim).— It your Ferns are 

 a mixed collection of stove and greenhouse kinds, a temperature of 45^ 

 from fire heat will meet the requirements of both as well as it is possible 

 to do. If they are stove kinds only, then a temperature of from 50^ to 

 55- should be afforded, and if greenhouse sorts n night temperature of 

 40^ to 4.^- will be preferable, allowing a rise of .5^ on dull days, 10 ' on 

 thos3 which are cloudy with clear intervals, and 15^^ on clear days. These 

 temperatures apply to the months of November, December, January, and 

 February. .\ir may be given with advantage at this season, taking care 

 to avoid draughts, and the admission of cold, frosty, dry air. Air during 

 mild weather is indispensable for the preservation of the plants in health. 



Skeleton Leaves [Constant lieadfr). — Wo know of no mode of ekole- 

 tonising leaves except keeping them in water until decayed. There in no 

 reliable work on aquariums. 



llosEs FOR East, North-eabt, North-west, and West Aspects M 

 KuhicTiber, (Jnlicaj/).— Due de Cazes does not (frow sulBciently lor a wall, 

 nor do any of the others named, except Jules Margottin ; that and the 

 fullowiug will do on the east and west aspect— viz., Hybrid Peri)etualB, 

 I. a Ueini,', Kug.-ne Appert, Gloi'y of Waltham, Baronuc Prevost, Lord 

 Haglnn, JIadame Julie Daran, Red Rover, and William Jesse ; Jiourbons 

 AcidaUu and Sir Joseph Paxtun -, Hybrid Bourbon, Coupe d'll.b.-, Charles 

 Duval, and Paul Pen'as ; Hybrid Cbiun, lilairii No. 2, Madame Plantior, 

 Vivid, Chinedole, and Brennus. For the north-east and north-west 

 aspects, climbing Roses would do best. Of these, choose Ruga, Thores- 

 byana, and Dundee Rambler of the AjTshiro class; and, of others. For- 

 tune's Yellow, Myrianthcs R.noncule, .Rampante, Williams's Double 

 Yellow, Jaunatrc, and Madame d'Arblay. For your south wall, in addi- 

 tion to those you have, as you wish tor red shades, you may plant Fellon- 

 borg, Nisida, and any other good Noisette kind. 



Apricot Trees Unfruitful (7(i*tH).— Peaches usually come into bear- 

 ing before Apricot trees, which grow vigorously whilst young. We should 

 not adiise their being discarded for Peaches, unless you particularly 

 wish it. Give them a trial another year, and if they do not show fruit, or 

 it you can now di>.tingui-.h the bloom buds from wood buds, and find 

 none of the former, w-c advise the trees to be taken up now, and re- 

 planted with the stem slightly elevated, and the roots si>rcad out upon 

 the border, and then covered with inches of fresh earth. If your soil 

 is a strung fleti> luaiii, diiicicnt in eiilcareous matter, we also advise the 

 border tn lie covcird uiDi an inch of <tld mortal* rubbish, or, failing this, 

 lime riddling-- \v.>rkcd into the soil before the trees are planted, and lay a 

 flagstone a yard square, 1 foot below the surface, where the tree is to be 

 planted. We think that the unfruitfulncss of the trees is due to their 

 vigorous growth, induced by a rich deep soil. On our gravelly soil young - 

 trees, oven, bristle with blooming spurs, and, if anything, our wall trees 

 promise to produce loo much bloom next spring. Your trees will fruit in 

 due season, only keep their vigour under, and do not prune severely, but 

 stop to four leaves the side shoots not wanted to fill vacant space, and to 

 one after the first stopping. The leading shoots must not be stopped. 

 Tolerate no winter pruning, we have given it up with Apricots as being a 

 bad practice, and siunmer-prune instead, leaving nothing then that is not 

 wanted to fill vacant space, and to produce fruit and fruit spiurs another 

 year. 



Joints op Hot-water Pipes (C'ok. .Su!j.).— We presume the truss joints 

 you si>eiik of as applicable to hot-water pipes, are those patented and 

 supplied by Mr. T. S. Truss, 53, Gracechurch Street, London. There can 

 be little doubt of the joints answering, though we have not worked them 

 ourselves. 



Eel.iving and Levelling a |L.4WN (T7M(oii).--Your lawn needing re- 

 laying and levelUng, we should advise its being done. Nothing looks 

 more uuornamental than a bad uneven lawn, whilst nothing is more 

 pleasing than a level law-n of good tmf well kept. Now is the time to do 

 it. Take off the turf, cutting it from 14 to 2 inches thick, and this is 

 more expeditiously done with a paring knife or plough. Roll the turves, 

 grass side inwards, in lengths of from 2 to 3 feet, and lay them clear of 

 the ground to be levelled. Level the groundnext, which, wo presume, yon 

 understand, and if the lawn is extensive you may only remove a part of the 

 turf ; level that part, and relay the turf, afterwards proceeding with another 

 part until the whole is finished. In doing the work in pieces you must 

 calculate the general level of the whole, and lay the first piece so that the 

 last may be on the same level with it when the work is completed. With- 

 out this, you may so lay the first piece as to make the lawn less level 

 than it is at present. Having taken off the turf, level the ground, leaving 

 an even thickness of soil over the whole. Where hollows exist take off 

 the surface soil, fill up with poor soil, and then place from 6 to 9 inches 

 of good soil on the top ; and in like manner when high parts have to be 

 taken down, a similar depth of good soil should be placed at the top, the 

 original soil being taken out deepei-, so that the good may be substituted 

 for it, Y'our soil being a strong clay, it may be well to di-ain it, and to 

 render the surface di-y the turf may be relaid on 2 inches of coal ashes, 

 but do not use more than 3 inches of ashes under the sods, or the turf 

 mU burn in summer. Spread a little soil over the whole, beat firmly, and 

 after the first rain beat again, rolling weU. Give a dressing of short 

 manure in February, and roll twice a-week after the manm-o has been 

 brushed in. 



Trees near a House (Easthournc).—Y!e do not clearly understand 

 what you mean by " WTiat trees or shrubs ought to be planted near a 

 house for sanitary reasons ? " An trees and shrubs are sanitary agents, 

 they inhale gases noxious to animal life, decompose them, and emit 

 oxygen, the vital air- of man and animals. If planted very close and 

 thickly near a house, trees and shrubs sometimes retain too much damp 

 in the soil, otherwise thick belts of Conifers, and other trees, afford 

 shelter, and they and all others promote health. Even the Upas tree is a. 

 health-promoter, its alleged deadly influence is all a romance: we have 

 sat under its shade, gathered its leaves, and handled its bark often. Ivy 

 covering the walls of a house acts most effectually in preserving and 

 keeping them di'y. 



Making a Fernery of a Summee-hocse (P. B.).— We should retain the 

 battlemented stone coping at the front. It wiU not shade the mterior to 

 any great extent. Too much light would certainly be injurious to the 

 Fems, but, as you will need all the light possible iu winter, it is easy to 

 shade the house from the sun in summer by stretching thin canvass over 

 the glass. The rough plate glass, we think, will be sutficient to protect 

 the Ferns from the sun without having to resort to shading the roof, 

 especially if they are some distance from the glass, but that can only bo 

 determined from experience. 



Fellmongers' Refuse (Suhscribtr, near Dui/in).— The scrapings of 

 skins, hair, iSc, are an excellent manure. We should only employ it for 

 kitchen-garden crops, or as a top-dressing in the spring to your old 

 pasture. It would be valuable also for your Turnips and Mangold 

 Wurtzel. About 12 cwt, an acre would be enough. 



Peach Pruning (Bcaeh Lau-n).— If you enclose five postage stamps to 

 our oftice with your dii-ection, and order "Fruit Garihning for the 

 Many," you will receive it free by post. In that you will find all the 

 directions we can give, with illustrations. Any special questions on any 

 point you do not clearly understand we will readily answer. 



