Doeomber 19, 1865. i 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



5U 



AflP-MU(jn8-FKDS MAKiNrt (»'. ./. Df Putrom.—TXiC bt)ht time to mako 

 AapHrih-Qa-bcds is during drv wfutli«r iu October <>r NovcmbtT, but any 

 dry time bt-twetn SeptcmbiT'iiud Miirrh will do. The {^mnid should bo 

 well driiiuod by buviug dniin inpos laid 4 fcot doep, iiud ^1 Im'X apart if 

 thu soil is porous, but only 15 foct if it is of a hunvy tounriouH uuturo. 

 The whole of the ground to be planted should be treuuhed to a depth of 

 'i feot (i inches, and if the subsoil is poor and bud it should be removed, 

 retaining only the top soil, fresh soil bcinn brought to supplv the place of 

 the bad. In that case an opening should be miide the width of one bed, 

 4 fcot 6 inches for the bed. and ii feet for the ulkys, two of which will be 

 retiaired for the first bod, but only one for the others, Lay the K'»»<1 t*oil 

 on one side or both, taking out the bad soil and renmvinR it at once. Tlio 

 soil brought t'l replace it should bo of a good rich loamy nature, and it 

 will be all tl;e better if it conta'nB sand. Throw in the old soil to the 

 depth of G inches all over the bottom, then 6 inches of not very rotten 

 niannro, but at least half decayed ; ahcepdung is the best If you can ob- 

 tain it, but ordinary farmyard or stable manure will do well. Lay upon 

 this » inches of half-decayed leaf mould, and then 3 inches of sand. Sea 

 Hand is excellent fc)r this purpose, but good sharp sand is also eligible. 

 Then put in (i inches of the frosh soil, and mix the whole together well, 

 stirrinjj to the bottom. Any old soil that may remain should form the 

 next layer, which may bo 3 inches thick, and this will bring the soil up to 

 its original level. To sUlow for siukin^ put »m H inches of mnnure, leaf 

 mould, sand, and fresh soil, and work all up together, mixiiig well down 

 to the first Itiyer of soil already mixed. The whole is to bo done in this 

 manner, calculating on the beds being-! feet 6 inches wide, and the alleys 

 between 2 feet wide. This done, leave the ground as it is mitil March, 

 when, durin(^ a dry time, mark out the bods by driving in a stake at each 

 comer to show where the beds and alleys are, and llirow out the alleys 

 over the beds, taking from them C inches of soil. Make the surface of 

 the beds level, and plant throe rows of plants, the two outside ones 

 9 inches from the sides of the bed. and the other exactly in the centre. 

 The plants are best two years old, neither more nor less, and they should 

 be planted 9 inches asunder in the rows, with the crowns so that they will 

 be 3 inches below the surface. In planting, make a straight face by the 

 line, taking out a trench, and spread the roots by the face of it against 

 but beneath the line. Do not make the roots fit the opening made for 

 them, but make it so deep that it will allow of their being spread out 

 straight. Press the soil gently about them, level the surface, and the 

 work is <-on!plete. If the soil is all Rood, then you will proceed as above, 

 only omittiiiH the fresh soil. The best time to plant Asparagus is a little 

 before it ht-gins to grow, which, iu ycur locality, will be, we think, from 

 the middle to the end of March. 



Oechard-house Plantikg {U. p.). — We would plant the back wall with 

 lour trees ; one at 6^ feet from each end, and the other two dividing the 

 space equally. You could hardly do better than have these: Noblesse, 

 FU>yal George Peaches, and Violette Hitivc and Elruge Nectarines. Ve 

 presume yon mean the roots to go under the pathway. For the front 

 you may plant against a trellis, height at back 3Meet, and going to the 

 front, which would allow of enough of light to the bottom of the wall, if 

 the trellis came no more than 5 feet on the base line ; or you might have 

 low standards in front, either planted out or in pots. The trellis would 

 give the least trouble ; for that you would find four plants sutficient, as | 

 one of Bellegarde, and one of Walburton Admirable Peach, one of Pit- 

 mastoD Orange Nectarine, and any other you may fancy. In this front i 

 border you might have trees in pots, until the trellis was filled. You ' 

 would s'ee in '■ Doings of the Last Week" lately, and in articles by Mr. I 

 Rivers and " G. H.," Vhat would suit you as respects ventilation. 



Book {T. T.l.— "The Cottage Gardener's Dictionary" gives the names i 



of plants. It can be had from our office free by post for 5.*. 4ri. | 



Maiden-haih Fern DAarpixo {E. M. H.). — Moisture on the fronds is the I 



cause of their damping at this season, when the old fronds of some I 



kinds for the most part die off pre^parntory to the appearance of fresh 

 onus. We do not approve of kei'ping the fronds damp at this or any other 

 season. The atmosphere ^ihould now bo dry, and tho soil just moist, and 

 no more than that, unless tho plant is growing, when it should be well 

 and regularly watered, 



Fi.owEU 6arden Plan (A Dfvntff of the J. of H.).~Yoiit centre oval 

 bed is far too largo for tho other beds, it will drovvn them. You will 

 lessen the evil bv planting the bed with various things. Your mixture of 

 Golden Chain and Amaranth will do very well, if tho Amaranth will bear 

 pinching. Your bordt,T <»f L(djolia next the grass will not be telling; 

 place it u foot farther back, and have 8 inches of Cerastinm tomentosum. 

 Then your four circles will do; but wo do not like the four rounded 

 parallelograms to be planted half with one thing and half with another. 

 Better place one in the centre ns Stella, and surround all sides with 

 Alma, Ac. The loss you place in the four-feet-wide border in front of 

 your greenhouse, in which Vines are planted, the better. The thicker 

 the ground is covered tho worse it will be, but you may have flowering 

 plants of any kind if planted rather thinly, ho that tho aun may find ita 

 way a little between them. You may do much with your dung-frames, pro- 

 vided you manage, as detailed in " Doings of the Last Week, to prevent 

 tho noxious steam uassing into thorn, and surround the frames \vith litter 

 so as to throw top d"i->- heat in through the boards ; not only will bulbs como 

 on nicely, but you may force hardy dwarf shrubs as Roses, Deutzias, 

 Jasmines, Rhododeudron.s, Lilacs; and such herbaceous plants as Dicly- 

 tra. Lily of the Valley, Musk, Violets. Ac. Hardy annuals, Pinks, Carna- 

 tions, WallHowers, Ac, may bo brought forw.-vrd ; and Cinerarias, Primu- 

 las, Ac, may bo gi-eatly forwarded by giving them plcntj^ of air in winter, 

 with a little bottom heat. They will also do for forwarding your bedding 

 plants, forcing Asparagus, Sea-kale, &c. We will think of your case ; but 

 you cannot have read all in our late Numbers, or you would have re- 

 ceived many hints to suit you. 



Roses fou the North of England (.7. Hunter).— An excellent list of 

 Roses for the northern counties is given bv the Rev. Mr. Radclyffe in 

 No. 194, Vol. \7I, page 4ti8. Tho Tea Roses are too tender to succeed in 

 your situation without the protection of a wall. Some of the hardiest 

 might, however, do planted out, if a good thickness of moss or other non- 

 conducting material were placed over the roots before ViTuter, and 

 branches of evergreens or furze stuck amongst them so as to afford 

 shelter. You might, in addition to Gloire do Dijon, try Sombreuil, 

 Abricote, Bougere, Sufrauo, Belle de Bordeaux, Homer, and Nina. If the 

 situation is not very bleak, and the soil is dry and warm, the free-grow- 

 ing Bourbons ought to sucoeed with the roots protected as above recom- 

 mended. You may plant any of the Chrysanthemums grown iu the 

 south, as the same degree of frost that would injure them there would do 

 so with yon. 



Names of Fruits {J. C!iiner}i). — 1, Josephine de Maiines ; 3, Benrre 

 Clairgeau; 4, Bourre Sterckmans. (J. Cro/M). — Apples: 1, Flower of 

 Kent ; 3, Reinette du Canada. Pears : 1, Bcuitl- de Ranee ; 2, Huyshe'a 

 Victoria; 3, Huyshe's Prince of Wales; 4, Eyewood. {Alphn, Acton). — 



1, Vicar of Winkfield ; 2, Culmar. (G. /?. Bipo'')-—h Norfolk Beefing; 



2, Wormsley Pippin ; 3, Beauty of Kent ; 4, Winter Greening ; 5, Feam'a 

 Pippin ; 7, Sykehouse Russet. Pear : Benrre d'Arcmberg. ( G. B.).— Pears : 

 1. Uvedale's St. Germain ; 2, Easter Beun-e ; 3, Chaumontel ; 4, Moccas ; 



6, Dumelow's SecdUng ; 7, Golden Reinette ; 8, Norfolk Bearer ; 9, Clay- 

 gate Pearmnin ; 10 and 14. Southampton Pippin; 11, Sykehouse Russet; 

 12, Winter Pearmain ; 13, Scarlet Nonpareil. Apples : 2, Mere de Menage ; 

 3, Blenheim Pippin. 



NA3IES OF Plants {Entt Sussex). — 1, Boussingaultia baselloidea ; 



7, Echeveria retusa ; 8, Davailia novs-zaelandiie ; 9, Pleopeltis lyco- 

 podioides; 10, Ptei-is tremtja; 11, Polystichum coriaceum ; 12, Maranta 

 bicolor ; 13. Pteris crenata; 14. Pteris hastata mftcrophylla ; 15, Poly- 

 stichum angulare coriaceum; 16, Sedum caraeum variegatum. We 

 cannot name Begonias from leaves. 



POTTLTRY. BEE, an d HOUSEHOLD CHRONICLE. 



DARK COCHIK-CHINAS AT BIRMINGHAJM. 



In yonr report of the Birmingham Show, regarding the 

 Grouse and Partridge Cochins, you say, " The old difficalty of 

 finding cocks with thoroughly black breasts still exists." This 

 I deny, as there was not a brown feather in the breast of any 

 of the three young birds that I exhibited, and I defy your 

 reporter to show one, on pain of my forfeiting a sovereign for 

 every brown feather. I have no hesitation in saying, that they 

 ■who so reported of my birds were as blind as I attributed the 

 judges to be who awarded the prizes. 



Every word your correspondent " P." states concerning "the 

 Birmingham awards," you may hear endorsed on all sides. 



The Poultry Club is quite prepared to corrj^ out your corre- 

 spondent's suggestions. The proposed Show at Eochdale at 

 the end of January is merely preliminary to one to be held in 

 the autumn of next year if necessary. The present guarantors 

 wUl only be too happy to add to their number your corre- 

 spondent •■ P."— Edwd.'Tudman, AshGrove, Whitchurch, Salop. 



JUDGES AND THEIR JUDGES. 



The office of judge is not an enriable one, whether the duty 

 consist in sentencing men to penal servitude, or to hard labour, 

 or in awarding prizes to poultry. I have, however, been struck 

 by one thing common to these last, and to many others. The 

 fault-finders are energetic, whilst those who approve are supine. 

 While ten or twelve, or, it maybe, twenty dissatisfied exhibitors 



