6 HENRIK PRINTZ [1916 



IV. Swampy Fields. The vegelalion of the swampy mea- 

 dows coiisisls mainly of vaiious species of Carex, with here and 

 lliere small patches of Riibiis chamaenioriis and Riibiis arcticiis var. 

 grandifloriis. On very swampy ground we find tufts of rush and 

 olher aquatic piants with several species of lilies etc. ; there are 

 also some few trees in the fens, mainly Lari.v sibiricn and large 

 continuous fields of Vacciniiim iiliginosiim and Carex: the water 

 forms in piaces pools of greater or less extent, either \vith a rich 

 abundance of aquatic piants, or clear, with mud bottom, and no 

 particular vegetation. In some of the mossy meadows on the 

 higher sites, dwarfed specimens of Abies sachalinensis and Larix 

 sibirica are frequently found. The surface of the soil is here 

 generally found to be covered by Sphagnum, with Riibiis 

 chamaemoriis and Vacciniiim uliginosnm. Here and there little 

 mounds exhibit a growth of small Salix- and Betiila ;ja/?o-bushes, 

 and not infrequently Empetnim nigrum. In ver}^ swampy loca- 

 lities Hippuris and other marsh growths are also found, besides 

 various Carex species. 



V. Pasture land. This locality is lying in the immediate 

 vicinity of the village. It is a sandy heath, closely overgrown wåth 

 small trees and shrubs such as Betula alba, Ulmiis campestris 

 var. laeim, Popuhis snaveolens, Querciis, Acer, Primus Padus, 

 Crataegiis, Laris sibirica, Piniis, etc. and with an undergrowth 

 of Hypnum and Cladonia for the most part, in addition to 

 Empetrum nigrum and Vacciniiim vilis idaea. Where the soil is 

 somewhat moister, in hollows and the like, Abies sachalinensis 

 is also found. A good many years ago, these grounds were 

 devastated by fire, and in consequence, we now lind tracts of 

 more or less considerable extent with a fairly luxuriant vege- 

 tation, mainly consisting of various species of Cf/rea'. Throughout 

 almost the whole of this area charred and mouldering remains 

 of tree trunks lie scattered about, and numbers of dry trees, 

 now for the most part broken, are e very where to be seen. 



VI. Lowland forest region. This may be divided into 

 three categories, all rather sharply distinct as regards vegetation. 



A. The foliferous tree tracts consist for the most part o^ Ulmus 

 campestris var. laevis, a few Betula nana and Populus suaveolens. 

 These localities, which have an extraordinarily luxuriant under- 

 growth of all kinds of herbs, are found for the most part on 

 moisl ground watered by rivers and streams. 



B. The Larch forrests (Larix sibirica) are of high growth 

 and almost entirelv free from admixture with other trees. The 



