18 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



limit as a phase of the selection system meets so nearly the require- 

 ments of the logger that the method has been applied widely on private 

 holdings in the Adirondacks. The results obtained by such cuttings 

 have been pointed out in several recent articles. - 



DETAILED CONSIDERATION OF FOREST TYPES AND THEIR TREATMENT 



Szvamp. Cutting of balsam in swamps has been carried on for a com- 

 paratively few years. This is true also of small hemlock to be used for 

 pulp. The earlier practice of cutting swamps to a diameter limit in 

 keeping with the diameter limit method in spruce has been abandoned 

 oecause of resultant windfall. Clear cutting of all merchantable ma- 

 terial has replaced this method. It has been shown ^ that such swamps 

 will recover if all timber is removed down to 4 inches d.b.h. and will 

 eventually produce a very good crop of pulp. Reproduction comes in 

 without extra care and growth is rapid. Balsam dominates this type 

 and makes a desirable species at least while the market for pulp re- 

 mains. The only improvement required is the destruction of the 

 hardwood culls which occupy needed space. 



Spruce flat. This type contains a large percentage of birch and 

 maple in mixture with spruce and balsam. Upon the removal of the 

 softwoods, the hardwoods persist and soon close openings in the crown 

 cover. The removal of a portion of the hardwoods in connection with 

 the softwoods will result in better reproduction and a quicked recovery 

 of the advanced growth spruce and balsam. In any event, there will 

 be a large amount of yound hardwood started which will dominate the 

 spruce and some of the balsam and pine. 



Hardzvood. Spruce requires about three years following clear cut- 

 ting before it shows accelerated growth. Trees severely suppressed 

 and over 75 years of age recover more slowdy or not at all. In view of 

 this condition it is not surprising that progress is not apparent in diam- 

 eter limit cuttings. 



^(a) Silvical Systems in Spruce in Northern New Hampshire. Edward R. 

 Linn, Journal o? Forestry. Vol. 16, No. 8. 



(b) Results of Cutting at Ne-ha-sa-ne Park in the Adirondacks. B. H. 

 Chandler, Journal of Forestry, Vol. 17, No. 4. 



(c) Observations on Unburned, Cut-over Lands. E. F. McCarthy, Journal 

 OE Forestry, Vol. 16, (1918) ; pp. 897-909. 



(d) Logging to a Fixed Diameter Limit in the Adirondack Forest. Hugh P. 

 Baker, Proceedings Empire State Forest Products Association, 1915. 



' Production of Pulp on Balsam Lands by McCarthy and Hoyle. Paper, Oc- 

 tober 23, 1918. 



