38 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



cost $4,500, or .03 per acre. This work was done during the winter. 

 The U. S. Geological sheets served as a basis for topographic maps, but 

 property lines were located on these and they were then enlarged to a 

 scale of 4 inches to the mile. 



The total preliminary costs were thus about 15 cents per acre, or .05 

 per thousand feet for the merchantable softwoods. 



The annual cut from these lands has averaged 20 million feet b.m. 

 Time and expenses for carrying out forestry measures each year are 

 divided about as follows : 



A : General inspection of entire holdings to locate windfalls, keep in touch with 

 the spread of diseases, the condition of dams, trails, telephone lines, repro- 

 duction and growth on recently logged areas, and take notes on the location 

 and condition of logs in the streams and rivers. One month's time forester — 

 cost $400. 



B: Aiding the management in laying out log jobs for the season and getting 

 work started. One month's time — cost $300. 



C : Marking trees to be cut, and surveying boundaries of each area logged. For- 

 ester and two assistants. Three months' time — cost $2,000, or 10 cents per 

 thousand feet of logs cut. 



D: Making test measurements in the woods on logs and wood. Forester and 

 one helper — one month — cost $500. 



E : Time and cost studies in woods. One month's forester — cost $300. 



F : Inspection of all operations. One month's forester — cost $300. 



G: Making tests at the mills and office work mapping, and 



H : Working up field data and survey notes. Three months' forester — cost $900. 

 Fire patrol during dry months by patrolmen — cost $800. 

 Expenses in cpnnection with telephones and tools in forest — $200. 

 (Tools are also kept at all camps.) 



Total cost, $5,700, or 28^ cents per thousand feet cut annually. 

 With an average loss of 8 per cent in the river, this means about 31 cents 



chargeable against the logs delivered to the mill. With the preliminary cost of 



5 cents this means 36 cents per thousand feet. The importance of this cost 



item varies greatly with the logging cost and with the quality of the logs when 



delivered. 



When we come to consider the actual increase of cost in logging 

 due to conservative methods, we have a problem which no forester or 

 lumberman can answer at the present time, except by a careful study 

 of the work as it goes on upon each logging unit. Perhaps a specific 

 example might be of interest. 



In June, 1912, we began cutting on a tract of 5,000 acres of first- 

 growth spruce, hemlock, and pine. A part of the annual log supply 

 has been taken from this area each year since, and it is now nearly 

 cut through. In round numbers, 40 million feet b.m. will be total cut. 

 Fifty million feet could have been cut by taking everything suitable for 



