PERIODICAL. LITERATURE 83 



countant, designating the timber to be cut, receiving receipts, and col- 

 lecting fines resulting from trespasses. Following the French occu- 

 pation in 1681, Louis XIV abolished the gnieries and the Maitrisc 

 royale of Metz became the headquarters of forest administration in 

 Lorraine, while in KiSfi the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar were divided 

 into thirteen individual maUrises. The controlcurs of the former 

 grueries were replaced by special rcceveurs charged exclusively with 

 collecting the returns from the forest. With the end of the French 

 occupation, this organization was in turn abolished by Duke Leopold 

 who re-established the grueries while retaining the special receveurs. 

 The former, relieved of their accounting duties by the receveurs, fre- 

 quently added the duty of provost to their other duties. In 1701, the 

 duchies were divided into five forest departments, each in charge of a 

 commissaire reformateur, to which a sixth was added in 1720. These 

 commissaires rcformateurs constituted a special chamber in charge of 

 all questions relating to the management of the forests, including 

 cuttings, clearings, and the exercise of rights of user. In 1720, this 

 chamber was joined with the Council of Finances to form the Council 

 of Finances and of Waters and Forests. In 1727, the commissaires 

 rcformateurs were given the title of Grands Gruyers. From the coming 

 of Stanislas in 1737, it was the Council of Finance and Commerce 

 which exercised complete authority in all forest questions. In reality, 

 however, the council was controlled in forest matters by Paul-Francois 

 Gallois. who after some difficulty succeeded in substituting the French 

 system of maitrises for the former grueries. The reorganization was 

 completed in 1747 when Lorraine and Barrois were divided into 15 

 maitrises. Each of these was in charge of a maitre, who was generally 

 assisted by a lieutenant, an agent of the king (who was concerned 

 particularly in controlling rights of user), a hammer keeper, a surveyor, 

 a clerk, and from one to ten bailiffs. These offices were all purchasable 

 and all hereditary. On the death of Stanislas in 1766, Lorraine was 

 reunited to France, and became the l!)th department of forests and 

 waters, and in 178i», on the death of Claude-Nicolas Mathieu, who had 

 been Grand Maitre of Waters and Forests in the Duchies of Lorraine 

 and Bar, that office was discontinued. S. T. D. 



Viardin, L. L' organisation forestiere, avant 1789, dans la Lorraine reconquise. 

 Rev. F.aux ct Forets. 57:80-8.'). 1010. 



