■3G0 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



litter more than one year. Outstanding facts were that on all but the 

 lightest of the local soils, the hardwoods are gaining, and that the 

 composition of the present forest types has been controlled in the 

 main by the previous treatment of the land. 



Taking the total area of the woodlots examined, about 15 to 30 per 

 cent showed good pine reproduction; on another 20 per cent pine 

 seedings were scattering. On the other hand from 60 to 70 per cent of 

 lots cut both in seed years and non-seed years, was satisfactorily 

 stocked with valuable hardwoods such as red oak, white ash, hard 

 maple, etc. These figures apply only to the first 10 years after cutting. 

 However successful the reproduction may be at the start, within 10 

 vears from 10 to 80 per cent of the desirable elements, both pine and 

 hardwood, was overtopped and suppressed by inferior species and 

 clumps of stump sprouts. 



RESULTS OF CUTTINGS ON THE HARVARD FOREST 



In respect to the various ways of handling the pure pine type which 

 have been tested on the Harvard Forest it can be said that all of those 

 methods which involve the removing of the stand in two or more cuts 

 have proved successful. On account of certain practical and financial 

 factors good reproduction, however, is not the only criterion of a 

 workable method. This will perhaps appear more clearly from a 

 statement of experience with the different systems of cutting. 



Clear-Cutting the Whole Stand. — This method has been tried on 

 areas of from two to four acres. Cuts were made in the winters 

 following the seed years of 1908 and 1914. All slash was burned in 

 piles. A reproduction followed in which there were from three to 

 four thousand thrifty pine seedlings per acre at the end of four years. 

 This method is obviously the best from the point of view of cheapness 

 m logging, but can be practiced with success only in seed years. 



Clear-Cutting in Strips. — Strip cuttings have been made in several 

 different years. The cleared areas varied from 100 to 200 feet in 

 width and in all cases were made on the margin of the stand away 

 from the prevailing wind. The results have been variable. On well- 

 drained sites, where the underbrush and small vegetation was scanty, 

 good reproduction has appeared within five years. On moist or rich 

 land pine has been entirely kept out by dense herbaceous growth. 



Clear-Cutting in Patches. — The patches cleared by this method 

 varied from 50 to 100 feet in diameter. The results have been similar 



