MANAGEMENT OF WHITE PINE 363 



depending mainly on the crown form and density of the stand. But 

 here again the burning can often be handled so as to cheapen other 

 parts of the job. In any case, it does not bear any very serious rela- 

 tion to the net return on the timber, and, for a permanent land owner, 

 is properly chargeable to fire protection. When the operation is over 

 fhe land is thus entirely clear, with a prospective crop consistino- of 

 from 5,000 to 20,000 pine seedlings per acre in addition to the hard- 

 wood adance growth about to start. The following table gives a 

 summary by species of the reproduction secured on a typical acre 

 which has been cut over in this manner. 



Suvimary of reproduction, October, 1917. Thinnings made 1911-1912 — Re- 

 moval cutting ig 15-1916. 



[Number per acre.) 



Species 2 years old 3 years old Over 3 years Total 



White pine ; . . . 410 2,870 70 3,350 



Seedlings Seedling sp'ts Stump sp'ts Total 



White ash 390 1,990 20 2.400 



Red oak 20 .540 10 570 



Chestnut 10 .510 40 560 



Black cherry 360 890 ... 1,250 



Red maple 9,000 1,000 40 10,040 



Hard maple 10 10 20 



Basswood K) 40 10 60 



Beech 10 10 



Black and paper birch 200 . . . 200 



Gray birch 130 ... 130 



Total 9,920 5,180 140 15,240 



DAMAGE FROM SNOUT BEETLES AND WEEVILS 



It is a further recommendation of this combination of thinning 

 with clear-cutting that it tends to offset the inevitable losses due to the 

 snout beetle (Hylobius pales) and the pine weevil (Pissodes strobi). 

 The work of the .snout beetle was first described by E. E. Carter in a 

 paper entitled, "Hylobius Pales as a Factor in the Reproduction of 

 Conifers in New England" (Proceedings of the Society of American 

 Foresters. Vol. XI, No. 3, July, 1916). These beetles, breeding prob- 

 ably in the fresh cut stumps, swarm upon cut-over pine land and 

 remain active for two growing seasons, during which period they 

 de.stroy up to 80 per cent of all the pine seedlings over two years old. 

 If a second contiguous cutting is made within three years the infesta- 



