REGULATION OF GRAZING 371 



Grazing does not aid to any appreciable extent in securing germination by 

 "harrowing" seed into the soil. 



In their annual grazing reports for 1917, nine of the supervisors 

 of District 4 reported no damage to timber reproduction; fifteen 

 reported no appreciable damage, slight damage, or injury not serious. 



In California there have been a number of investigations started 

 on the subject, but few have been carried to definite, reliable conclu- 

 sions. The question was much under discussion and a bone of con- 

 tention about 1910. In 1911 Sampson and Dayton began a rather 

 comprehensive investigation into the relation of grazing to timber 

 reproduction on the Shasta National Forest. Based upon three 

 examinations in 1911 and 1912 of plots containing 11,040 ptants of 

 age subject to inquiry by grazing, the following figures were pub- 

 Hshed ^ : Sheep grazed 38.24 per cent and cattle 8.09 per cent of the 

 yellow pine, sheep 21.75 per cent and cattle 18.93 per cent of Douglas 

 fir, sheep 48.33 per cent and cattle 10.97 per cent of white fir, sheep 

 26.92 per cent and cattle 12.5 per cent of sugar pine. These figures 

 include all injury however slight. In most cases the plants fully 

 recovered. In the years 1911 and 1912 only 0.03 per cent of the 

 10,888 specimens on the plots were killed by grazing. 



The large number grazed and the small fatalities were probably due 

 to the large number of plants on the plots, an average of 263 per 

 plot of 12 feet by 50 feet. 



The investigations were continued in 1913. The complete results 

 tabulated, but not published, confirm in a general way the data quoted. 



In their annual grazing reports for 1917 eleven of the supervisors 

 of California reported no damage to timber reproduction from grazing; 

 three reported injury, but not serious; tv/o reported slight injury, 

 more than ofi^set by reduction of fire danger and others reported 

 probable injury, but not enough to affect the stand of reproduction. 

 Among the grazing reports already received for 1919 several of the 

 supervisors of District 5 have reported that tree growth is reducing 

 'he grazing resources on their Forests. Reductions in numbers of 

 stock on this account are already being planned for. 



In Arizona and New Mexico the situation is somewhat difierent 

 from California and Oregon and has been a matter of discussion 

 ince the creation of the National Forests. 



° Sampson. Arthur W., and Dayton. W. A.. Relation of Grazing to Timber 

 Reproduction, Shasta National Forest. Review of Forest Service Investiga- 

 tions, Vol. II, 1912. 



