374 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



H. H. Chapman, in cooperation with other members of the district 

 office at Albuquerque and local forest officers, collected data regarding 

 the effect of grazing on yellow pine reproduction on the Sitgreaves 

 National Forest in 1919. In a memorandum of May 21, Chapman 

 concludes, "That the presence of all the reproduction in those por- 

 tions of the Chevalon district which are reproduced is due to the 

 fact that sheep have not been present to any extent on these repro- 

 duced areas during the years when the seedlings originated and were 

 growing to a height of three feet — and that reproduction is practically 

 ibsent on all areas continually grazed by sheep for 30 years, while on 

 areas grazed for a lesser period the age classes are absent which 

 ^vould correspond to the period within which sheep have grazed." 



In his memorandum of July 9, 1919, reporting conditions on the 

 Heber district of the vSitgreaves, is the following statement : 



"The middle area of the Sitgreaves National Forest bore a heavy seed crop 

 of yellow pine in fall of 1913. This crop germinated freely, producing an 

 even, heavy stand of seedlings up to probably 100,000 per acre. The survival 

 of these seedlings was evidently not interfered with by climatic conditions, or 

 drought which sometimes kills most of such a crop. This is evidenced by sur- 

 vival of dense stands on various sites, exposed or otherwise and with little 

 reference to apparent differences in soil conditions, i. e., whenever the type was 

 a yellow pine type originally, yellow pine seedlings are found as survivors of 

 this seed crop, provided they have been protected since then from grazing. 



"The survival of this seed crop is therefore a direct measure of the efifects 

 of grazing upon the seedlings. The results are the most conspicuous instance 

 yet encountered in this district of the relative influence of sheep and cattle 

 gsazing upon yellow pine seedlings." 



In his memorandum of July 9, covering the Apache Lumber Com- 

 pany's sale area, is the statement that "The present degree of inten- 

 sity and method of management of sheep grazing has permitted a very 

 abundant crop of yellow pine seedlings to spring up over nearly the 

 entire area. These seedlings are mostly under one foot in height as 

 yet. 



That this reproduction has originated in spite of sheep grazing, and 

 chiefly because it was not intensive in character, did not make full use 

 of the forage and was not continuous, is conclusively proven by condi- 

 tions on the adjoining White Mountain Apache Indiana Reservation." 



Coincident with or following Chapman's investigations Kimball and 

 Westveld were assigned to an administrative investigation to deter- 

 mine the damage to reproduction from grazing and to decide upon the 

 areas in need of protection within the Tusayan and Coconino Na- 



