382 JOURNAL, OF FORESTRY 



use and timber production by increasing efficiency of grazing regula- 

 tion along all lines. To do justice to timber reproduction we musr 

 have efficient grazing regulation or reduce stock and waste forage. 

 It is most certain that protection against grazing with resulting waste 

 of forage will be met by protests and appeals frequently involving 

 femall holdings which supplement other forms of agriculture to barely 

 make a living. The result of such opposition will be delay in protec- 

 tion measures. I do not mean to advocate sacrificing timber produc- 

 tion to grazing. I am merely stating my honest conviction that we 

 should be better fortified than we are at present to function properly 

 in the task of timber production under grazing. 



In accomplishing this end the following steps seem to me of im- 

 portance : 



1. Adopt a set of general conclusions or principles and regional conclusions 

 or principles similar to those I have outlined. 



2. With these as a basis develop a definite basic policy to govern grazing use 

 by groups of Forests, individual Forests, or parts of Forests, taking into ac- 

 count such factors as species, accessibility, probable date of cutting of timber, 

 facilities for fire protection and the needs of surrounding territory. 



3. Either recognize grazing use as a part of timberland management and 

 therefore a part of forestry in this country and take it seriously, or place a 

 safe limit on grazing use and stick to it. The main object of this is to pro- 

 vide for a definite rather than a hazy teaching of this subject to men who, in 

 future, will manage the National Forests. It may be unnecessary, but I sin- 

 cerely believe not. Students of forestry soon become supervisors in charge of 

 perhaps a million acres of land largely timbered and in large part under graz- 

 ing use. 



4. Provide as rapidly as possible for surveys such as Kimball and Westveld 

 have undertaken on the Coconino and Tusayan to collect specific data as a 

 basis for deviation from the general grazing practice in order to insure proper 

 reproduction of forests where they are not reproducing, concentrating this work 

 in accordance with the comparative importance of this problem by regional 

 groups as decided upon under 2. 



5. Provide for more rapid accumulation of specific data to enable efficient 

 adjustment of grazing as to season, intensity, condition of reproduction, etc., 

 as outlined by Sparhawk, Hill and others quoted. At our present rate it will 

 take about 60 years to do this. 



6. Provide for proper supervision of grazing, at least where the regional 

 classification under 2 calls for efficient regulation. At present there are about 

 40,000 grazing permits annually, covering probably 110 million acres. I am 

 probably safe in saying that a great many allotments are not inspected thor- 

 oughly once annually. They are in charge of a Basque herder. 



7. Provide for more thorough inspection of grazing and timber reproduc- 

 tion within regions classified under 2 as important. 



The conclusions and their discussion, as well as the suggestions 

 given, admit of much elaboration and discussion not possible in the 

 time available and perhaps not desirable in "sizing up" the adminis- 

 trative problem involved. 



