4S8 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



The various features of this working plan are in common with most 

 working plans. The basis of regulation, however, is, as far as is 

 known, peculiar to the Coeur d'Alene Forest. 



One of the biggest and first factors to be considered in making up a 

 plan of regulation is the division of the unit under consideration into 

 working circles. The whole unit may be thrown into one working 

 circle, or, depending on conditions, the divisions may be made more 

 and more intensive'. 



On the Coeur d'Alene Forest the lay of the land makes possible three 

 courses. The forest could be considered as part of a region-wide circle, 

 could be thrown into a forest-wide working circle, or several working 

 circles could be defined within the forest itself. 



The region-wide circle would include the Coeur d'Alene Forest and 

 a number of neighboring forests which lie in the white pine region 

 and in a general territory from which lumber is one of the principal 

 heavy exports. 



The forest-wide working circle is the scheme customarily used on 

 National Forests, because of its simplicity and the lack of need for any 

 more intensive regulation. 



The third scheme contemplates division of the forest by main drain- 

 ages into logical units. 



The advantages of the first plan would include the probability of 

 highest revenues immediately from National Forest lands, since in tha 

 whole region it would be possible to encourage and promote cutting 

 activities in the most accessible portions, leaving the inaccessible por- 

 tions to make up the later cuts. There would also possibly result the 

 delivery of lumber to the consumer at a cheaper cost, though not 

 necessarily at a cheaper price to him. The difficulties and disadvantages 

 are that there would be involved inter-administration between forests 

 and also a lack of permanency of local industries, logging, milling, and 

 others dependent on them. 



The inter-administration between forests would not be a very diffi- 

 cult matter to adjust. The lack of permanency for industries would, 

 as is well known, result in great economic losses involved in the build- 

 ing up of establishments and the removal from one vicinity to another 

 as the timber gave out. This, in most places in the past, has not re- 

 sulted so seriously, but that was because cutting out of timber has been 

 followed as a rule by the development of agriculture, though some- 

 times very slowly. In a mountainous country, practicall}'- all absolute 



