594: JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



products which would release it from the violent price fluctuations that 

 now burden it. This, in turn, would enable a very close utilization of 

 hardwoods which would add to the wealth of the forest and aid in the 

 practice of forest management. 



In the Appalachian Mountains research work has developed an inter- 

 esting situation. It has shown that the chestnut tree can be com- 

 pletely utilized for the manufacture of a grade of tannin which pro- 

 duces an excellent quality of leather. As a result of this it is possible 

 to use the entire tree with the exception of the very small limbs. Not 

 only has research developed this use, but it has gone further and 

 worked out a method of producing pulp from the chips left after the 

 tannin has been extracted. This development work has added to the 

 value of the chestnut, and chestnut forests in the Appalachians are 

 now being given a reasonably careful system of forest management. 



In the manufacture of paper and articles made of wood fiber, there 

 is a most excellent opportunity to work out valuable developments be- 

 cause in fiber making practically the whole tree down to three inches in 

 diameter can be used. I think we have not begun to appreciate in this 

 country the value of the various products which can be made from 

 fiber. But even taking the products which have thus far been devel- 

 oped through research, it now pays to grow certain trees for the 

 manufacture of paper and there are a number of private companies 

 which are scientifically managing their pulpwood forests. 



An interesting example of what research has done in the way of 

 obtaining a greater financial return from the forest is found in Penn- 

 sylvania. I made a survey of what a lumber company was doing in 

 this State about six years ago. This company was cutting approxi- 

 mately 18,000 feet of hemlock logs per acre, valued at $16 per thou- 

 sand for the logs. The return from hemlock logs, therefore, was $288 

 per acre. In addition to this, the company was gathering all its hem- 

 lock bark. It secured about four and a half cords per acre, valued at 

 $10 per cord. It gathered the hemlock tops and culls for pulp and 

 secured about five cords per acre for which it received $4 per cord. 

 It sold its mill waste for both kindling and pulp and secure a return 

 of about $25 per acre from this source. The hardwoods were utilized 

 for the manufacture of staves, about 13,000 per acre being obtained, 

 valued at $6 per thousand. The small and defective hardwood waste 

 was cut into "chemical" wood, an acre producing twelve cords and the 

 company secured $4 per cord. In other words, by practicing these 

 close methods of utilization for which research work laid the founda- 



