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JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



is true. The large cull hardwoods, while not numerous are, due to 

 their large crown spread, of predominating importance. 



Table l. — Number of trees per acre left in the balsam swamp type (softwood 

 land) after the second cutting. 



[Based on three one-quarter acre plots, except the figures for reproduction which were 

 secured on three one hundred and sixtieth acre plots.] 



• Totals do not include the amount of reproduction. 



Note the excess of softwood over hardwood reproduction and that 

 the hardwoods (exclusive of reproduction) form only about 7}4 per 

 cent of the stand. Most of the overtopped softwood is under softwood 

 rather than hardwood. 



On hardwood land 36 per cent of the trees (exclusive of repro- 

 duction) are softwoods, but these are principally small trees. Only 

 42 per cent of the softwood is free from suppression. 



The suppressed trees are nearly all standing under hardwoods. 

 NumericaUy only 37 per cent of the hardwoods are cull trees, but this 

 hardly explains the real situation. All the large remaining hardwoods 

 are cuUs and most of the small hardwood is overtopped. Less than 

 15 per cent of the reproduction on hardwood land is softwood. 

 Chandler^ has made a more detailed study of the composition of the 

 forest and comes to similar conclusions. 



In appearance the softwood lands look well, but the recently cutover 

 hardwood lands look badly, due to the large number of defective trees 

 left standing and to the large unutilized tops of the felled hardwoods. 



The percentage of softwood on the hardwood lands evidently has 

 decreased. 



