A SKETCH ON SWEDISH FORESTRY 777 



The Forstmastare, who cannot enter the State Forestry Service, 

 gets only about three-fifths as much theory but is required to have at 

 least two years' apprenticeship. The average have five years, owing 

 to the great competition in getting admittance. 



The Skogvaktare course corresponds to our ranger courses, being 

 mostly field work, arithmetic, elementary mathematics, bookkeeping, 

 mensuration, silviculture, etc., and lasting about one year. 



Entrance requirements are : for the Jagmastare, university entrance 

 requirements ; for the Forstmastare, about what corresponds to three 

 years of our high schools. The Rangers or Skogvaktare need only 

 grammar school training but a lot of. practice. All the students are 

 chosen competitively ; about thirty-three Jagmastare, and ten Forst- 

 mastare (in this latter course only about one-fifth of the applicants 

 gain admittance), being admitted to the Royal Institute of Forestry 

 each year. 



FOREST REGULATIONS 



The handling of woodlands is not unrestricted even on private 

 property. There are regulations which compel the application of 

 rational forestry everywhere and dififer for different regions. 



The law of 1903 stated generally "that the cutting of woodlands 

 is not to be carried on in any way detrimental to reforestation," and 

 provides for the establishing of "Provincial Boards of Woods and 

 Forests." These boards employ a stafif of trained foresters to enforce 

 the forest law, to spread the knowledge of silviculture among the 

 people, to give expert advice on and oversee the handling of private 

 woods ; all for very low charges and in many cases free. They also 

 handle certain funds for reforestation purposes and carry on some of 

 this work themselves. 



Failure on the part of any owner to reforest ground in a given time 

 after final cuttings may cause the local board to interfere and possibly 

 plant the area at the owner's expense. The result of establishing 

 "Provincial Boards of Woods and Forests" is very satisfactory, for 

 useful information on silviculture and handling of woodland has been 

 spread in every part of the land. In this way forest capital tends to 

 increase. 



The cost of keeping the organization and its staff is met by the 

 levying of a small "forestry fee" on wood products; about 6 cents per 

 thousand feet of lumber, and 13 cents and 8 cents per ton, respectively, 

 for chemical and mechanical dry pulp; half this amount for wet pulp. 



