A SKE;TCH on SWEDISH FORESTRY 781 



connected with forest fires and protection. All able-bodied persons 

 are liable for fire fighting, and in critical cases, military help is im- 

 mediately called. Military help, by the way, gives the most efficient 

 fire fighting labor. It seems a pity that, even where possible, it has 

 hardly ever been used in America ; for, while getting fine field training, 

 the men also do work of national utility. 



MANAGEMENT 



The actual handling of the woodlands can be briefly considered here, 

 in three phases, namely, the inventory of resources, the working plan, 

 and the carrying out of the plan in exploitation, etc. The many other 

 subjects connected with forestry will be partly or wholly overlooked, 

 since they may be of special, not general, interest. 



FOREST ESTIMATES 



Mapping and estimating are carried on either separately or simul- 

 taneously. The latter is more frequent. There are two extensive 

 t\'pes, the ''Norrland Taxering"' used in the extensive woods of the 

 north, and the "Sorrlands Taxering." 



NORTHERN CRUISING 



This consists in first running strips, generally 10 meters wide, along 

 a compass line. All trees over, say, 10 centimeters d.b.h. are calipered 

 and marked down on a separate blank for each stand. The stands are 

 described as to height, age, site quality, density, ground cover, etc., 

 by the leader of the crew, who also notes the general topography. 

 Strange to say, no contours are taken, the sloping of the ground is 

 entirely lost sight of except where especially steep slopes are roughly 

 located on the map. This omission is probably due to the fact that 

 a minute personal knowledge of the ground always exists ; then also 

 operations are not carried on locally on such a large scale as to make 

 such t()])ogra})hy maps inrlispensable ; moreover it seems that our simple 

 and rapid sur\c\inL;- metliods arc not known to Swedish foresters. 

 The strips arc chained — often quite roughly — and the map is plotted 

 to a scale of 1-2000 with strips •'iO to I'jO meters apart, and smaller 

 scales for less intensive surveys f where approximations on the woods 

 as a whole are required the strips might be from 1.000 to 4.000 meters 

 apart). Sam|)lc trees are taken in some systematic way. by taking, 

 for examjile, the tree nearest the jnmdred-meter pole. On these trees 



