PERIODICAL LITERATURE 845 



in northern Greece and in Greek Macedonia. Forest destruction still 

 continues, due to heavy overgrazing (especially by goats), wasteful 

 and unregulated cutting, turpentining, charcoal making and lime 

 burning, and insect depradations. 



A large proportion of the forests belongs to the State, considerable 

 to communes and monasteries, and a smaller proportion to private 

 individuals. The private forests receive the best treatment, the com- 

 munal and monastic forests the worst, and the State forests halfway 

 between. 



The development of a forest policy began in 1836, soon after the 

 establishment of the monarchy. Cutting of saw timber from either 

 State or private forests may be done only on permit, which is issued 

 after the payment of a felling tax. Grazing on private forests is also 

 subject to tax, but is free on public forests. The public forests are 

 guarded by 250 forest guards, with 12 technically trained foresters, 

 and 3 inspectors, under the Forest Division of the Ministry for Na- 

 tional Economy. This force is much too small, and is not well trained. 

 The first forest school was established at Vytina in 1896 to train the 

 lower personnel. A higher forest institute for training administrative 

 officers is to be established at Athens by 1920. Various measures have 

 been taken to encourage afforestation by communes and private indi- 

 viduals, and something has been accomplished. 



The total annual yield of the forests of old Greece (figures for 



recently acquired territory not available) is estimated to be 1,720,566 



cubic meters, probably in excess of the annual growth. In addition, 



Greece imports 126,000 cubic meters of wood (principally softwood 



construction material), making the per capita consumption 0.75 cubic 



meters. Imports came (1911) chiefly from Austria-Hungary, Rou- 



mania, Turkey, and Russia, and were exceeded in value only by grain 



and by coal. Exports, chiefly valonia and nutgalls for tanning, and 



turpentine and rosin, went mostly to Austria, Germany, Italy, and 



Turkey. W. N. S. 



Sklawunos, Constantine G. Die Forstvcrhdltnissc im hcutigcn Griechenland. 

 Forstwiss. Centralbl., 41 :81-90, 173-184, 249-264. 1919. 



This article is the second of a series ; in it the 



North American author describes his trip over the Moffat Road to 



Forests Idle-wild in the Arapaho National Forest, with 



reference chiefly to forest types encountered. He 



gives a brief accDuiit of the local organization of the U. S. Forest 



Service anfl some of its work. Tlie virgin forests of lodgepole pine. 



