852 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



Because of unsettled political and industrial 

 Wood Famine conditions no fuelwood is coming into Vienna, 

 in Vienna and hardly enough coal is received from Czecho- 



slovakia and Poland to keep the gas and electric 

 works going. Wood costs 1.5 kroner per kilogram (equivalent to 

 about $350 to $450 per cord). Thousands of people "make their own 

 wood" by breaking or cutting down street and park trees, and several 

 parks, notably the Schwarzenberg, had already (January) been stripped 

 of trees. W. N. S. 



Herpt, G. HolsHOt in Wien.. Deutsch. Forstzeitg.. 35:25-26, 1920. 



Wooded area in 1913 was 660,841 hectares, or 

 Forestry and 17.7 per cent of the land area. The forests were 

 Wood Industry divided into 23,120 tracts, of which 22,942 were 

 in East Prussia connected with farms ; 84 per cent were under 

 10 hectares in size, and made up but 7.9 per cent 

 of the total area; the 114 tracts greater than 1,000 hectares comprised 

 68.5 per cent of the total area. Deciduous species occupied 21.7 per 

 cent of the area, or 143,305 hectares; two-thirds of this was high 

 forest, divided into three types, oak, birch-alder-ash, beech and others, 

 at about a 1 — 3 — 1 ratio. Conifers occupied 517,536 hectares (78.3 

 per cent), of which 96,132 hectares were selection forest and the rest 

 high forest. Scotch pine covered 338,629 hectares, spruce 168,100 

 hectares, white fir 10,524 hectares, and larch 283 hectares. Pine pre- 

 dominates on the sandy soils of the south, spruce on the loams in the 

 northern and central districts, oak on the best soils, while hornbeam, 

 birch, aspen, and linden are common in mixtures with conifers on 

 the better sites. Aspen and birch quickly occupy areas denuded of 

 conifers. The forests suffer considerable losses from late and early 

 frosts, storms, and insects — timber cut from the State forests (386,000 

 hectares in 1904, and 417,000 hectares in 1952) increased from 4.14 

 cubic meters per hectare in 1904 to 11.75 cubic meters in 1910, due to 

 ravages of the Nun-moth. In 1912 but 5.01 cubic meters per hectare 

 was cut, nearly half of it fuelwood. Yields of the larger private forests 

 are about the same as those of State forests ; the smaller private hold- 

 ings are not managed as well, although steps have recently been taken 

 to promote forestry on private holdings. Before the war, wood ex- 

 ports consisted chiefly of firewood and mine timbers, to western Ger- 

 many, and construction material to Berlin and vicinity, and amounted in 



