PERIODICAL LITERATURE 853 



all to about 350,000 tons per year. More than 2,200,000 cubic meters 

 of wood were imported from Russia to supply the sawmills and pulp- 

 mills in the Memel region. Rapid development of the sawmill industry 

 in Russia has resulted in increased prices of raw material for the 

 Memel mills, and at the same time to lower prices for manufactured 

 lumber. W. N. S. 



Von Mammen. ForstZiArtschaft, Holchandel und Hohindustrie in Ostpreus- 

 sen. Forstwiss. Centralbl., 41:368-388. 1919. 



POLITICS, EDUCATION, AND LEGISLATION 



Before the war Germany was a heavy im- 

 Restriction of porter of wood, but now most imports have been 

 Clearing in cut ofif, due to the world-wide shortage of wood 



Forest and to the high prices and unfa:vorable rate of 



exchange. Moreover, large areas of forests have 

 been lost to Germany as a result of the war. The scarcity of fuel has 

 resulted in enormous demand for firewood, which further reduces the 

 production of building material in German forests. The same con- 

 ditions that hinder imports favor exporting of wood, and a considerable 

 illicit trade is carried on across the border. The net result of these 

 factors is a tendency to destroy large areas of private forests for 

 immediate profit. The central government has proposed a decree 

 forbidding clear cutting, or cutting which leaves less than one-fourth 

 of a normal stand, on any area of more than 0.5 hectare in other 

 than State forests, except with permit from designated authorities. 

 Such permit may be withheld in case the proposed cutting endangers . 

 the given stand or neighboring ones, through formation of torrents, 

 shifting sands, or exposure to wind, or if the stand to be cut is at 

 a period in its growth where considerable loss in volume production 

 would result from its cutting, or if a continuous supply of wood for 

 the local population and industries would be threatened, or if re- 

 forestation would be made difficult. A sufficient sum to carry out 

 reforestation measures must be deposited with proper authorities. 

 Penalties for violation are set at from LOOO to 10.000 marks per 

 hectare, unless local laws prescribe higher ones. W. N. S. 



Anonymous. F.ii)c l'crorditu»(j iibcr die Einschrdnkung der Kahlschlage in 

 dcH nichtslantlichrti li'aldiou/rH. Deutsch. Forstzeitg., 35:193-104. 1920. 



