392 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ November 30, 1866. 



yielded already several valuable thinnings for rails, roofs of 

 sheds, posts, and other purposes. 



In planting, trees should be chosen to suit the seil ; and in 

 a landscape point of view it will always be of importance if 

 even the kind of nurse, as well as the kind of permanent tree, 

 should consist chiefly of one kind in one place. For instance, 

 in these autumn months how different is the impression, as 

 respects variety, in looking at one wood at a distance where 

 the trees consist of many kinds, all mixed together, and in 

 looking at another wood where there is no abrupt dividing line, 

 but a shading of kinds and colours, and yet the different kinds 

 appearing chiefly in separate masses. For instance, we can 

 look at a plantation where the nurses are Larch and Scotch 

 Fir in equal proportions, plant for plant, or line for line ; we 

 look on another where, beyond the kind of shading point 

 to prevent abrupt distinction, there is in one place a good mass 

 of Larch, and then in another place a good mass of Scotch Fir. 

 The first plan would merely show how easy it was to make 

 sameness from a great number of different varieties ; and the 

 second would show how comparatively easy it would be with 

 few materials to produce distinctive variety. 



With regard to the trees themselves, where much planting is 

 to be done it is best that the trees should be taken up from the 

 neighbourhood, the roots passed through a puddle, and then 

 kept in moist litter until wanted. Trees are often much in- 

 jured when they come from great distances before they are 

 planted. It would only, however, be in rare instances, and 

 where something like a nursery department was kept and 

 thoroughly attended to, that gentlemen could rear their own 

 forest trees with advantage. As in everything else, what 

 people are constantly doing they do better, more economically, 

 and in much less time than those who only do such work occa- 

 sionally. Gentlemen will purchase trees from nurserymen 

 much cheaper than they can raise them, and if the trees are 

 procured when in a comparatively young state the carriage will 

 not cost much. When these are planted in rows in enclosed 

 ground — say for a couple or more years, and raised and finally 

 planted out only as the work can be properly done, we feel con- 

 vinced that such a system would be most suitable aud remu- 

 nerative for all parties. Much larger trees could thus also be 

 planted out successfully than could be generally done when they 

 arrived from a nursery a long way off, and their stems and roots 

 were pretty well kiln-dried and all moisture driven out of them. 

 JIoss as a Protecting Matt rial. — Wo have two or three in- 

 quiries on this subject , an d for keeping out frost from the roots 

 of plants which would otherwise be injured by it, nothing 

 can be more neat and useful. It will require a wonderful frost 

 to pass through 3 inches of moss. Many years ago we helped 

 to protect huge Fuchsia stools in this way in the open ground. 

 The Fuchsias were cut down close to the ground, and valuable 

 sticks the tops made, after they were frosted or well dried ; the 

 moss was packed firmly over the stems and roots, neat sticks 

 were laid over the moss, at 3 or i incl apart, other sticks 

 crossed them just like an open-meshed sieve, and then a pin at 

 each of the four corners, fastened into the ground, kept all 

 neatly in their places. Tender Roses on their own roots may 

 be protected in the same way, but fern and dry litter about the 

 stems would also be an advantage. In many cases it is as well 

 to take them up, pack the roots carefully in leaf mould in a 

 shed, protect the tops with a little litter, and then plant out 

 carefully in April. Moss does not do so well for Hollyhocks, 

 about which a correspondent inquires, as for Fuchsias, tender 

 bulbs, Sua., as whilst it protects the roots, it also protects slogs 

 and snails from the cold, and these would be apt to luxuriate 

 on the young shoots and stems of th ■ ks. Valuable 



roots which it is desirable to increase had better be taken rip 

 and placed in a cold pit or frame ; but the general lot of plants, 

 when numerous, will be well i ; . and slugs will be kept 



well at bay, by placing over them little : unds of dry burnt 

 earth and charred rubbisb, or even o a be of rough ashes, the 

 drier the better. It is along ti 

 no erawling. thing liki to pu hintoti m. 



As respects bulb-planting, treatment of hardwooded 1 1 ints, 

 Chrysanthemums, Cinerarias, Primula . . - ; entilating, 



Are., see notices of former weeks. — R. F. 



COVEN T GARDEN MARKET.— November 17. 



Again we have to report Inrge arrivals of foreign produce, especially 

 Grapes, some of which promise to keep well. New Oranges come also in 

 good condition, and from places which a few years ago hardly owned a 

 plantation, anticipating the St. Michael's crops by a fortnight or three 

 weeks. Good dessert Pears and Apples are a little more in demand. Of 

 Potatoes, there is a full average supply, and a fair amount of business is 

 being done. 



VEGETABLES. 



Artichokes each 



Asparagus .... bundle 

 Beans, Broad. . bushel 



ScarletRun.J sieve 



Beet, Red doz. 



Broccoli bundle 



Brus. Sprouts A sieve 



Cabbage do... 



Capsicums 106 



Carrots bunch 



Cauliflower doz. 



Celery bundle 



Cucumbers each 



pickling .... doz. 



Endive doz. 



Fennel bunch 



Garlic lb. 



Herbs bunch 



Horseradish . . bundle 



Apples \ sieve 



Apricots doz. 



Cherries lb. 



Chestnuts bash. 



Currants i sieve 



Black ". . do. 



Figa doz. 



Filberts lb. 



Cobs 100 lbs. 



Gooseberries . . quart 

 Grapes, Hothouse, .lb. 

 Lemons 100 



Leeks bunch 



Lettuce per score 1 



Mushrooms pottle 1 



alustd.& Cress, punnet 



Onions per bushel 2 



Parsley.. doz. bunches 2 



Parsnips doz. 



Peas per quart 



Potatoes bushel 2 



Kidney do. S 



Radishes doz. bunches 



Rhubarb bundle 



Savoys doz. 



Sea-kale basket 3 



Shallots lb. 



Spinach bushel 2 



Tomatoes per doz. 



Turnips bunch 



Vegetable Marrows dz. 



Melons each 2 



Nectarines doz. 



Oranges 100 8 



Peaches doz. 6 



Pears (dessert) . . doz. 1 



kitchen doz. 1 



Pine Apples lb. 3 



Plums 4 sieve 



Quinces \ sieve 6 



Raspberries lb. 



Strawberries lb. 



Walnuts bush. 10 



d. 



3 toO 



d. s. 

 6 to 5 

 



TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 

 Robert Ward, Ipswich Rosery. — Descriptive List of Kern 

 Roses and Zonatc Pelargoniums. With plates of Mrs. Ward 

 and Mrs. John Berners Roses, and of Miss Martin, Sir Fitzroy 

 Kelly, and Floribunda Nana Pelargoniums". 



TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



»»* We request that no one will write privately to the depart- 

 mental writers of the " Journal of Horticulture, Cottage 

 Gardener, and Country Gentleman." By so doing they 

 are subjected to unjustifiable trouble and expense. All 

 communications should therefore be addressed solely to 

 The Editors of the Journal of Horticulture, dbc, 171, Fleet 

 Street, London, E.C. 

 We also request that correspondents will not mix up on the 

 same sheet questions relating to Gardening and those on 

 Poultry and Bee subjects, if they expect to get them an- 

 swered promptly and conveniently, but write them on 

 separate communications. Also never to send more than 

 two or three questions at once. 

 Fruit Trees for ah Orchard (H. J. C.).— In planting an orchard for 

 market purposes you should not have too many varieties, but let those 

 yon select be of the best, and such us you can send to market in large 

 quantities. We should, therefore; advise that yonr seventy Apples should 

 1 nir forty-eight Pears of si>: sorts ; and as you 

 want them all to come in at Christmas and following mouths yon will 

 find these sufficient. Applet— Gox's Orange Pippin, Golden Winter 

 Kernel, Dumelow's Seedling, Warner's King, 

 ire Greening. Peart — Knight's Monaroh, Bergamotte Lsperen, 

 Victoria, Beurre de Ranee, Josephine de Marines, Easter 

 Beurre. 

 Bninsn Wild Flowers (If. P.).— You can have each number monthly 

 post;ii you inclose for it fourteen postage stamps with your 

 addre 39. 

 Examination in Horticulture by the Society <>r Abxs {A 06 



II be an. examination in 1807. The advantage derived 

 from 1. is the s;uno as that which a schoolmaster 



derives from o iven by the College of Preceptors. Itisahigh 



d inial of Lis att dnments. 

 Manuring E ■ . , ; —Put the mixture of cow and 



horse manure on the surface in a radius over the roots, and let the rains 

 the manure down to the roots. In the spring lightly fork the 

 remains into the soil, W. F. Radclyffe. 

 Viola corndta.— In reply to your correspondent " -I. M." permit me to 

 I I - ted my experience with the varieties.- this plant-, and 

 : i. ss kinds are offered for sale, i merely urged 

 the desirability of seeming one that will give satisfaction. I am very 

 glad to Leu- that the variety grown in the neighbourhood of Worksop 

 answers this purpose.— Bruce Findlay. 



Viola cornuta Flowering Throughout the Summer (S. B.).— As 

 frost may soon be expected to set in, you had better put cuttings into an 

 old frame, so that they may be sheltered a little from the weather. This 

 will insure their striking freely, and will encourage the cuttings to grow 

 more freely after thev have emitted roots. By these means you will obtain 

 good plants for flowering early in the spring. Some cuttings should be 

 put in aoain in May or June, and another batch in August or September 

 for standing the winter in the open ground, as the plants can be removed 



