( xliv ) 



Tliei"te seems to us to be some confusion existing in the minds of some 

 systematists with regard to the degree of phylogeuetic relationship of the 

 animals classified and the nomenclatorial position of the units towards each 

 other. 



Although it is the highest object of the researches of the systematist to 

 elucidate the phylogeuetic connection between the classificatory units from the 

 individuals ujjwards to the family, order, etc., the linear arrangement of the units 

 in the system gives but a very scanty elucidation of their evolution. If a geuus 

 is a development from another, it may be put behind the older one ; but this 

 method at once breaks down if there are several genera derived from one, 

 especially if one of the derivatives has again given rise to a series of genera. 

 And uomenchitorially the classifier can do even less. In nomenclature all the 

 units of one category are co-ordinate units ; all the species, all the subspecies, all 

 the genera, etc., are respectively co-ordinate with one another. The classifier 

 cannot make any nomenclatorial difference whatever between phylogeuetically 

 younger and okler genera, between tiie jiareut- and daughter-species, between 

 the generalised and specialised subsjjecies. We have the same nomenclatorial 

 formula for every genus {Papilio, Fringilla), for every species {Papilio priamus 



