(Ixi ) 



but tiueiform ones, and snrely does not belong wbere it stands in the 

 Catalogues. The only end-segment which would be confounded with that of a 

 Castnia or Aegeria is found in Enijo, where the segment is provided with 

 a brush of long narrow scales which stand all round the segment ajiically. 

 Both the long and slender segment, and the short and broad one, are of 

 equally wide distriliution among the Hawk Moths. The long type, as illustrated 

 by figs. 4. 5. 9 and 11. 12 of PI. LX., does not seem to occur outside the 

 family. It is found in all Sphingicae (except Oligographa), Acherontiicue, a few 

 AiiibKliciiiaf, and many Sesiinae, Philampelinae, and all Choerocampinae. The 

 short type of end-segment has no special Sphingid character by which it could 

 be distinguished from the end-segments of all other Heterocera. 



The question whether the long or the short end-segment is the more 

 generalised in Sphingidae lias puzzled us a good deal. Judging from the other 

 Heterocera, one is inclined to pronounce the short segment to be the original 

 one. And this is doubtless true as regards the Heterocera as a wliole. But 

 if we consider the development of the antennae and other organs in Sphingidae, 

 we find that the forms with short end-segment in the subfamilies Sesiinae and 

 Pkilampi'linae are doubtless derivations from more generalised forms which 

 have a long end-segment. Compare, for instance, Temnora, Antinephele, 

 Gurelcd ; and Deilephila and Darapsa. Further, we observe in the Ambulicinae 

 that the genera Amph/pterus, Protambuh/x, and Oxi/ambidg.c, wJiich have a long 

 end-segment, are in many respects more generalised than the allied genera 

 Trogolegnum, Orecta, Callambulgx, etc., which have a short end-segment. 

 Therefore we conclude, that the general tendency of reductive development 

 observed in the palpi, legs, tongue, Gic, applies also to the end-segment of 

 the antenna. We attribute accordingly a long thin end-segment to the 

 ancestral Sphingid as a distinctive feature. 



The eye does not call for many remarks. It is subglobular, its edge ])eing 

 either nearly circular, or regularly rounded above and more straight below and 

 behind. Its anterior edge is less widely apart from the mesial line of the 

 head than the liinder edge, the eye being oblique in position, the head 

 narrowing frontad. This is most evident in Macroglossum, Sesia, Haemorrhagia, 

 and allies (PI. LXII. f. 6). The eye varies much in size ; the largest eye is 

 found in Orgba. "Where tlie mouth-parts are much reduced or obliterated, the 

 eye becomes also reduced. It is never hairy itself, but is often covered above 

 by a kind of eye-brow, and below by a large tuft of hairs, which is especially 

 large in Rhodoprasina, where the tuft covers the lower half of the eye 

 (PL LIX. f. 12). We have not found a vestige of the ocelli. 



Before entering upon the descrijjtion of the thorax and its appendages, we 

 think it necessary to emphasise what will have become evident to the reader : 

 (1) That there is an obvious tendency of reduction in the head and mouth- 

 parts ; (2) that this tendency is far more ajjparent in tlie Spl/ingidrif without 

 basal iiatch of sensory hairs on the inner surface of the first jtalpal segment 

 than in the others ; and (3) that the reduction of the cranium, eye, and 



