( Ixvi ) 



tlic iiiilv spi'C'it's witli one ]i!ur of liiiiillil>iiil sjnirs not- belonijiiig to tlioso groups 

 lii'iii^'' a iiu'inlier ot" the I'/iilamjjcliiine {MicrOKp/ii/Kc). 



We afiree with Kolbe in considering the spurs to be modified spines ; 

 they are moriiliologically lioiuologons with hairs, but tliey are spines with a 

 matrix of their own which develops seales, hairs, and s])ines giving the mid- 

 and hindiibial sjuirs tlie same covering as have the tibiae. It sounds curious 

 tiiat we are sjieaking liere of a scaled and hairy hair, but it is nevertheless 

 correct. We refer the reader to anotlier instance where an ordinary spine has 

 developed into a scaled organ similar to tiie spurs. One of the ventral rows 

 of sjiines on the tarsus is in some Si/ntomidae more prominent ; tlie spines are 

 longer and stouter than ordinarily, and are densely scaled ! 



There are normally four ventral rows of spines on the tarsus of 

 Lepidoptera. The regularity of these rows is very often disturbed by inter- 

 mediate sjiines, or by the disappearance of spines. A remarkable development 

 commonly found in Noctiddae, Arctiidae, At/aristidae, Si/ntomidae, Coci/tia, etc., 

 but not met with in Splihn/idae, is that in which the two inner rows merge 

 together into one, so that there are ajjparently only three rows. In Zygaenidae, 

 Lasiocampidae, some (ieometridae and Notodontidae the ventral spines are very 

 numerous and arranged in more or less regular transverse series. The lateral and 

 dorsal sides of the tarsus are also spinose ; the latter spines of the compressed 

 mid- and hindtibiae, for instance, are very numerous. The anterior tarsus 

 shows different modifications in the si)ines from the raid- and hindtarsi. The 

 external row (or row 1) of the foretarsus contains often some long spines 

 (PI. LXIV. f. 1 — o) ; not rarely these long spines alone are present and are 

 enlarged to curved claws, there being generally present three such spines on 

 the first segment, and one special one on the following (PI. LXIV. f. •")). In 

 most cases the long spines are accompanied by some small ones, generally 

 placed near the base of the segment. Such claws as these are commonly found 

 in Acherondinne, accompanying other modifications (reduction of mouth-jiarts, 

 spinosity of tibiae, etc.) ; they are wholly absent from all other Sphiiujidae e.xcept 

 Clioerocampinae, where they occur occasionally in a lesser degree of development. 

 Another modification obtains in Cocijtins. In this genus of Acherontiinae, 

 especially in the males, the fourth row of the foretarsal segments resembles a 

 short-toothed comb or rake, the spines standing rather close together and being 

 directed ventrad and somewhat curved (PI. LXIV. f. 6). The spines of the other 

 rows have, in some species, disappeared for the greater part (PI. LXIV. f. l(i). 



The foretarsal spines of Cephonod.es are mostly reduced to hairs. 



The midtarsal spines have also their specialisation. Here it is the ft)urth 

 row. The basal spines of this are prolonged to long bristles (PJ. LXIV. f. 7), 

 forming the midtarsal comb alluded to very frequently in the body of this 

 Revision. The comb is very strongly developed in Cocytius, Frotoparce, and 

 other Acherontiinae, and gradually disappears (as a comb) in the weaker 

 members of the subfamily, the bristles assuming the normal length. In 

 Andjulicinae it is not met with, not even in forms with such long legs as are 



