( x.vi ) 



(Icvi'ldinuciit Iriiil imlcpeiidciitlv In iui identical siieciiiiisatioii in the two divergent 

 liranches. The spination of the abdomen furnishes a noteworthy illustration. 

 In the higher ASesii/iae the spines become very strongly cliitinised on the tergites 

 and sternites, and those of the ])roximal row assnme a short and broad form in 

 Senia, Cepkonodes, and llaemorrhaijin \ the same form of sjiination is found again 

 in the highest genera of the tribe JS'epIirlicne of tlie subfamily Philatnjicllnac — 

 namely, in Afac/0(/lo.'<sum, l{hoi>alops>/clie, and LcKcostrophus — and only here. In 

 the Pliilampelinae there appear here and there characters which are met with 

 again among the Sesiinae — for instance, the very strongly clnbbed antennae, the 

 angulate mid- and hindcoxal raerum, the close connection between abdomen and 

 thorax, the fan-tail, etc. : wliile, on the other hand, Fhilampelinae have also 

 arrived at similar specialisations as CJioerocampinae — for instance, in the shape 

 of the chrysalis, the sexual armature, the end-segment of the antennae, and the 

 ocellated spots of the caterpillar. The American (Jhoerocampine genns FJianoxijla 

 is a derivation from Xi/loplianex, from which it has become different in acquiring 

 an apical tuft to inner surface of the second palpal segment, a tuft which is 

 present in many Old World Clioerocampinac. The peculiar cavity at the end of 

 the first segment of the jialpns, on the onter side, occurring in all species of the 

 Choerocampins genus Tlieretra and the derivations from this genus, is acquired 

 also by a few species of the allied genus Hi}ipotioii, and it is highly surprising 

 that the same peculiar sjieciali.-^ation, which does not seem to occur outside the 

 Sphingnlae, is as conspicuously developed in one solitary species of Achprontiinae, 

 in Megacorma ohliquoi'-, the relationship of wliich with the Choerocampinae is 

 very distant. This similarity reminds one of the projecting tongue-case of the 

 pupa of the Choerocampine genns Rhjncltolabu and many Acherontiinae, a 

 Sphingid character confined io that one genus and the one subfamily. The 

 pattern of the Hawk Moths offers also obvious illustrations of the kind of 

 resemblance under discussion. The most striking is the similarity in the 

 pattern of the abdomen of the lower Acherontiinae and the higher Pliilampelinae. 

 Here we find those conspicuous yellow side-patches bordered by black which are 

 restricted to these insects. The white abdominal belt of the American genns 

 Sesia and the African Philampeline genus Leucostrophiis, which belt Entomo- 

 logists have erroneously considered to indicate a close relationship between the 

 insects, may also be mentioned, as well as the black-bordered yellow hindwing 

 occurring in many Sphiinjidac and other Moths, and the wliite fringe of the 

 first abdominal tergite of the Oriental Deilephila hijpot/ioiis and the American 

 Aleuron iphis and allies. The antemedian and discal blackish brown bands on 

 the forewing acquired here and there in Spliinc/idae are the result of the inter- 

 8})aces being filled in with blackish brown scaling. These examples of similarity 

 are a kind of belated expression of relationshi[). 



It will be observed that in a few of the instances mentioned the agreement 

 in some character affects tiie aspect of the insects which have the character in 

 common. There is a complete gradation from similarities in some small detail 

 to similarities of the ensemble. 



