( <-x ) 



lli/loicu.Sj ('/d'(<')hy/ramma : I'rotiinihnhix : PscKdo.sphinx, Krinin/is, (ir.imniorlia, 

 Pac/n/lia, Ejiistor, Cautetkia, I'eriyonia, Sesia ; Pliolus ; Xylophanes. In addition 

 we must mention Sphinx, Pac-li>/t<plnnx, sind ArctonotuH, which extend from North 

 America into Mexico, and are not trnly Neotropical. Ili/Inlats lias many 

 species outside the Neotropical Region ; but the section of the genns which is 

 Neotropical does not occur northward of the Southern United States. ( 'lilncno- 

 (/ramma consists of two si)ecies, one inhabiting the Atlantic Subregion of North 

 America, the other Argentina.* Protopnrce has two truly Nearctic species 

 {quiiKjiiemaculatus and scxt'i), besides a great number of Neotropical ones ; the 

 same applies to Pliolus. The remaining lU genera are Neotropical, extending in 

 one or a few species into tlie Southern States of the Nearctic Kegion, or going 

 farther north without having developed Nearctic sijecies. Among the 22 genera 

 confined to the Neotropics there is only one {Monnrda) which is not of Neotropical 

 origin, belonging to the branch of the Ambidicinae to which Cressonia, Sphinx, 

 Amorpha, etc., belong, and of which the Oriental Callambnlyx is the most 

 primitive genus. All the other 21 genera are trnly Neotropical. Hence it is 

 clear that the only foreign element in the Neotropical Region is Monarda, 

 and this is known only from Mexico. None of the other Regions have such an 

 almost exclusively autochthonous Sphingid fauna. The Neotropical genera of 

 Ackerontiinae are all developments from the same stem, of which Cocijtius, 

 Amphimom, and Protopnrce are the most generalised divisions, coming near the 

 Old World genera Xanthopan and Mec/anoton, which are, however, still lower 

 in organisation than Coo/tins. None of the New "World Acherontiime have 

 preserved the organ of friction of the claspers and eighth abdominal tergite, 

 which a number of the Old "World genera have retained. 



The 4 Ambulicine genera of the Neotropical extraction are Protainbuhjx, 

 Amplypterux, Orecfa, and Trogolegnnm. The last two are clearly modifications 

 of Amph/pteniti, and tliis and Protam.balyx are near allies of the Oriental 

 Compsoqene, which is the most primitive of all recent Ambulicinae. It is 

 worthy of note that both derivative genera occur in the border districts of the 

 Neotropical Region, Orecta in the South and Trogoleynuni in the North. 



The Scviinae are a special feature of the Neotropical fauna, the very few 

 genera (:i) occurring outside it being derivations from the Neotropical stock. 



The Philampelinae are very poorly represented ; the two genera occurring are 

 confined to the New World, and closely allied to one another, Tinostomn being 

 found on the Sandwich Islands only, while Pholus is widely distributed over 

 America and contains many species. The Choerocampinae are rather uniform 

 in develoj)ment, there being only three genera, of which one is cosmopolitan. 

 The other two are truly Neotro])ical, Xylophanes with fifty species and 

 Phanoxyla with one, the sjiecies of Xi/lopliatiea which are found in the Nearctic 

 Region being Neotropical ones extending northward. Phanoxyla is a specialisa- 

 tion of Xylophanes, and this is a derivation from the cosmopolitan genns Celerio 

 — /.('. from an ancestral genus of which Celerio is the nearest recent representative. 

 * The locality Costa Rica is doubtful. 



