( exiv ) 



Xylojilianoi r/i/ro/i rZ/iro//, which iiro t'ither absent i'rom the other islands, or 

 represented by other subspecies. 



The Lepidoptera of the Galapagos Islands are almost entirely unknown. 

 The fauna is very poor in Butterflies ; but the Moths, especially the smaller 

 kinds, seem to be fairly well rejiresented. Dr. Holland, when describing the 

 Gala[)a<;;os subspe;'ies of Protojiarce rmdea* said tliat he had received larvae 

 of five species of Sphimjidae. In the Tring Museum there are six species of 

 Hawk Moths from this group of islands : Hersc ciiKjuUita, Protoparcc rustica 

 calapagensis, a new species of the same genus, a new subspecies of Erimujis 

 obscura, E, ello, and Celerio lineata. Some species of Xi/Iojihancft, and one or 

 the other genus of Sesiinae — Perigonia, for instance — must be expected to occur. 

 The Sandwich Islands have six species of Sphuu/idae. Protoparce quinque- 

 maculatus blackburiii is a well-marked race of the common Nearctic "Potato-worm." 

 Tinostoma smtrvagditis is a very peculiar specialisation of the Neotropical genus 

 PIiolus ; as yet only one imperfect specimen is known of this remarkable insect. 

 The other three species belong to the cosmopolitan genus Celerio. They are 

 Celerio lineata lineata, identical with American specimens, and Celerio calida and 

 wilsoni, which have their nearest relative in Celerio annei from Chili and Peru. 

 Tlie affinity of the Sandwich Island Sphingid fauna is, therefore, absolutely 

 with America. 



The Spldngidae of the Nearctic Region offer, we think, more interesting 

 points in their distribution and relationship than those of tropical America. As 

 said above, quite a number of Neotropical species extend into the warmer districts 

 of North America, some going regularly or occasionally to New England. If 

 we exclude this purely tropical material, which is foreign to the Nearctic Region 

 proper {Protambulgx strigilis, Pachglia Jicus and resumens, Erinngis alope and 

 oenotrus, Pseudosphinx tetrio, Xylophanes pluto, Perigonia lasca, etc.), and 

 deduct also Ilerse cingidata and Celerio lineata lineata, which occur everywhere 

 in the New World, there remain 29 genera with 65 species. Among these 

 there are again several which are Neotrojjical, but may be called inhabitants 

 of the Southern States. Pholus vitis, labruscae, Erinnyis ello, Epistor li/gubris, 

 Sesia /adus, and Xylophanes tersa have a similar position in the North American 

 fauna, as have Acherontia atropos, Herse comokuli, and Hippotion celerio in 

 the fauna of Europe. They are immigrants from the south. Two other 

 Neotropical species have developed into Nearctic subspecies : Pholus satellitia 

 pandoras and Protoparce sexta sexta. Among the rest there is one Holarctic 

 species, represented in North America by one of its two subspecies {Celerio gallii 

 intermedia). All the others are Nearctic, but all are derivations from tropical 

 genera. We can group them in two sections, according to their origin — the one 

 section containing specialisations of the Neotropical stock, the other the genera 

 derived from the Old World stock. We add to the Neotropical section the 

 Neotropical species which have settled in North America, north of Florida, 

 in order to make the list complete : — 



• Proc. U. St. TV. Mils. xii. p. 195 (1889). 



