( c'xxvi ) 



respective Oriendil aiul Ncotrdiiicul geuera is so close that we must consider 

 the relationship real. 



The rest of 51 genera are entlemic to the tropics of the Old World. Most 

 of these genera are Indian. Their distribution shows that the division of the 

 Oriental Region into a western and an eastern Snbregion is not better established 

 in the Sphiiigidae than in most other families of Lej)idoptera. There is no line 

 of division. The Papnan and the Indian elements, each taken as a whole, overlap. 

 There are, however, two centres in tlie develojiment of species in the Oriental 

 Si)hingid fauna : Continental India (inclusive of Burma and tropical China, of 

 which the Spkinijidae are verj' imperfectly known), and trojiical Australia and 

 the Papuan Islands. The Malay Archipelago, from the Malay Peninsula to the 

 Moluccas and the Tenimber Islands, is exceedingly poor in species of its own, 

 and possesses only one genus peculiar to itself, Giganteopalpus, of which the 

 single sj)ecies is as yet found only on Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. All the other 

 Oriental genera which do not occur on the mainland are found only in Australia, 

 not even in New Guinea, all the Sphiiigidae of the Papuan and Pacific Islands 

 eastward to Fiji and Tahiti being members of genera ranging to India and 

 partly to Africa. Tlie island of Celebes has no single species of its own, and 

 only two or three subspecies, which is very remarkable, considering that the island 

 has a very distinctive population in many families of Lepidoptera and of other 

 animals. Tiiough the distribution of the Sphingidae, over the Archipelago is not 

 fully known, the following table will give an approximate idea of the extent of 

 the Indian and Papuan species in the Archipelago. We leave out all the Indo- 

 Chinese species which have not been found in the Archipelago, but add the 

 Australian ones ; to shorten the table, we exclude also the species common to 

 both Subregions. The Papuan species are marked with an asterisk (*). The 

 column " India " embraces Continental Asia as far as it belongs to the Oriental 

 liegion ; the " Lesser Snnda Islands " comprise the islands from Lombok to Alor ; 

 the " Moluccas " the southern and northern Moluccas (Amboiua, Ceram, Burn, 

 Batjan, etc.) ; "Tenimber" includes the islands between Timorlaut and Wetter; 

 and "Oceania" means the islands south and east of the Solomon Islands: — 



